Mycobacteria Flashcards
skin test used for TB screening in the US
Mantoux test
after infecting the lung, miliary TB spreads where?
Kidney, Lymph nodes, Liver, Spleen
*pneumonic: miliary tuberculosis KLLS you
sulfo glyco and sulfo lipids are virulence factors of Mycobacterium, that allow this organism to accomplish its main goal, which is what?
to prevent the fusion of phagosomes and lysosomes inside PMNs
how is atypical mycobacteria spread?
from the environment (not human to human)
why does a tuberculosis infection that has spread systemically return to the apical/subapical areas of the lungs?
M. tuberculosis is a highly aerobic organism, and this is the region of the lungs where oxygen tension is highest
feature of tuberculosis that marks the beginning of an infection: a granuloma in the central middle lobe of the lung
Ghon complex
strain of mycobacterium that is transmitted from milk but causes human TB
m. bovis
what is the treatment for TB?
multiple antibiotics, including isoniazid and at least 1-2 others
All of the following are general properties of Mycobacterium EXCEPT:
A. most are facultative intracellular pathogens of PMNs and macrophages
B. they grow slowly, generally dividing after 24 hours and forming colonies within 4-6 weeks
C. must treat them with multiple drugs to avoid resistance
D. they are acid fast rods that grow anaerobically
E. they produce granulomas
D. Mycobacteria are aerobes.
All of the following are virulence factors of microbacterium EXCEPT?
A. Wax D
B. Cord factor (trehalose dimycolate)
C. Mycobactin
D. Tuberculin
E. Endoflagella
E.
strain of Mycobacterium that is spread human to human but may persist in the 9 banded armadillo
m. leprae
Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Tuberculoid leprosy is characterized by multiple hypo or hyperpigmented lesions but does not exhibit peripheral nerve damage.
B. Lepromatous leprosy is characterized by an over-reaction of the immune response, with widespread systemic symptoms including fever and infalmmation
C. Patients with leprosy who are treated with antibiotics often develop erythema nodosum
D. Treatment of leprosy is usually accomplished with a 10 day course of antibiotics.
E. Diagnosis is made via PCR
C. Patients with leprosy often develop erythema nodosum, and this is the result of a type III hypersensitivity reaction. Diagnosis is made by observing pain, temperature and touch sensation and rash, and can be confirmed with nasal or skin scrapings (acid fast bacilli). Treatment takes several years of antibiotic therapy.
strain of Mycobacterium that makes a nonprotein toxin which causes Buruli ulcer (does not heal well and requires surgery/Rifampin)
M. ulcerans
vaccine used in non-US countries for prevention of TB
BCG live attenuated vaccine
virulence factor of Mycobacterium that causes leukocyte toxicity
cord factor
*also causes the serpentine growth of this organism
