my panre cards Flashcards
predisposing for carpal tunnel
myxedema
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD)
radiographs in affected patients reveal cessation of growth at the capital femoral epiphysis and a smaller femoral head epiphysis with widening of the articular space on the right side.
staph aureus
gram positive cocci in clusters
e. coli
gram negative bacillus
pseudomonas
lactose negative bacillus
strep pyogenes
gram positive cocci in pairs or chains
strep pneumoniae
gram positive cocci round colony with an indentation in the center
Bacillus cereus
cause 2 syndromes: (1) one involves a short incubation period with nausea and vomiting and is similar to staphylococcal food poisoning;
(2) the other involves a long incubation period (18 hours) with watery, non-bloody diarrhea and resembles clostridial gastroenteritis.
Clostridium perfringens
food poisoning with an 8- to 16-hour incubation period
watery diarrhea with cramps and little vomiting. It resolves in 24 hours.
Staphylococcus aureus
vomiting being more prominent than diarrhea.
short incubation period (1-8 hours).
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
marine organism transmitted by contaminated seafood
mild to quite severe watery diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps, and fever.
The illness is self-limited, lasting about 3 days.
Salmonella enteritidis
incubation period of 6-48 hours.
begins with nausea and vomiting and then progresses to abdominal pain and diarrhea, which can vary from mild to severe and present with or without blood.
Usually, the disease lasts a few days and is self-limited.
pterygium
fleshy, triangular intrusion of the conjunctiva onto the nasal side of the cornea that is often bilateral.
usually associated with constant exposure to sand, wind, or sunlight.
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
dry eyes
Pinguecula
yellow elevated conjunctiva nodule in the area of the palpebral fissure on the nasal side of the eye. It is common in persons over 35 years of age.
where is stroke? L hemiplegia hemisensory loss L homonomous hemianopsia eye deviated R apraxia
R MCA
L hemiplegia/hemisensory loss in Leg>arm
confusion
behavioral disturbance
R ACA
L hemiplegia
R ptosis & eye deviated to R and down
R webber’s
falling to the L
R ptosis
eye deviated to R and down
R benedikt’s
L hemisensory loss
horners
R facial sensory loss
R wallenburg (PICA)
vertigo
vomiting
nystagmus
clumsiness R arm
major R cerebellar arteries
total paralysis except for vertical eye movements
paramedical branches of the basilar artery
nasal voice, ptosis, dysphagia, resp acidosis
myasthenia gravis
myasthenia gravis tx
IVIG or plasmapheresis
avoid - amino glycosides and beta blockers
courvoisiers sign - adenocarcinoma
large non-tender GB, itching and jaundice
trousseau’s sign
migratory thrombophelbitis
older pt w/ generalized pruritis and flushing after hot bath
hct 60%
polycythemia vera
bone pain, punched out lesions, hyper Ca
multiple myeloma
multiple myeloma tests
serum protein elecrophorsis - IgG monoclonal spike
+ reed sternberg cells
hodgkin’s lymphoma
most common lymphoma in kids
ALL
where aortic stenosis
RSB
2nd ICS
where plum stenosis
LSB
2nd-3rd ICS
where mitral regurg
apex
where tricuspid regurg
4th ICS
LSB
where mitral stenosis
apical
where tricuspid stenosis
lower LSB
where VSD
3rd, 4th, 5th ICS
LSB
where aortic regurg
3rd ICS
LSB
where pulmonic regurg
3rd ICS
LSB
harsh, coarse, rad into neck/carotid
RSB 2nd ICS
aortic regurg
systolic R ICS LSB rad to carotids ejection click
aortic stenosis
aortic stenosis causes
rheumatic fever
congenital
systolic at apex rad to axilla apex beat displaced a fib
mitral regurg
systolic
at apex
to axilla
mid systolic click
mitral prolapse
diastolic at LSB 4th ICS sometimes S3 bp higher in legs then arms blowing
aortic regurg
diastolic at mitral area opening snap increase lie on L side afib
mitral stenosis
diastolic
stenosis
pericardial friction rub
acute pericarditis
split S2
ASD
diastolic
atrial pop
sign atrial myxoma
S3
mitral and aortic regurg
CHF
dilated cardiomyopathy
S4
aortic stenosis
systolic machinery murmur
PDA
pulsus paradoxus
pericardial effusion/tamponade
pericarditis
murmur in elderly systolic
aortic stenosis
mew murmur after mi
mitral regurg
papillary muscle rupture
cyanotic infant
systolic thrill LSB
tetralogy of falot
short PR
wide QRS
delta wave
avoid digoxin
WPW
kerly B lines
CHF
5-10 weeks after MI
CP low grade temp
dresslers syndrome
autoimmune pericarditis
tx NSAIDS ASA
anterior MI
LAD
v1-v4
lateral MI
circ
I, AVL, V4-6
Inferior MI
RCA
2, 3, avf
R ventrical MI
RCA
V4 on R sided EKG
exudative effusion
cancer
parapneumonic
effusion
lights criteria
tramsudative if LDH <0.5
reticulonodular in lower lobe
pleural plaques
abestosis
hilar lymphadenopathy
increase ace
erythema
sarcoidosis
nodosum tx
steroids
1cm nodule in upper lobe
egg shell calcifications
silicosis
native valve endocarditis
MVP
viridens
4-6 weeks pcn
IVDA endocarditis
tricuspid
staph
Naf + gent or vanco
next step with bovis bacteremia
colonoscopy
zidovudine side effects
GI
leukopenia
macrocytic anemia
didanosine side effects
pancreatitis
peripheral neuropathy
abacavir side effects
HS rash F N/V muscle aches stop if sob in 1st 6 weeks
indinavir side effects
nephrolithiasis
hyperbilirubinemia
efavirenz side effects
sleepy
confused
psycho
rash wrists/ankles
F
Ha
rickettsia
tx doxy
numb
chvostek
troussaeu
increased QT
low Ca
bones stones groans psycho low QT
hypercalcemia
paralysis
ileus
ST depressions
U wave
hypokalemia
peaked T waves
prolonged PR and QRS
sine waves
hyperkalemia
muddy brown casts
acute tubular necrosis
protein blood EOs in urine fever rash
acute interstitial nephritis
crohns or UC
terminal ileum
C
crohns or UC
rectum
UC
increase risk sclerosing cholangitis
crohns or UC
UC
crohns or UC
fistula
C
crohns or UC
granulomas on Bx
C
transmural inflammation
crohns or UC
C
crohns or UC
cured with resection
UC
crohns or UC
colon ca
UC
decreased risk with smoking
crohns or UC
UC
increased risk with smoking
crohns or UC
C
crohns or UC
P-anca
UC
ast 2x > alt
increased ggt
alcoholic hepatitis
ggt gamma-glutamyl transferase
alt > ast
in 1000s
viral hepatitis
ast & alt
in 1000s
after sx or hemorrhage
ischemic hepatitis
elevated direct bili
obstructive
dubins
elevated indirect bili
hemolysis
gilberts
crigler
elevated alk phos
nl ggt
nl ca
pagets
increase hat size
hearing loss
ha
pagets
pagets tx
bisohosphonates
antimitochondrial ab
primary bilirary cirrhosis
tx primary biliary cirrhosis
bile resins
tx for close contacts menigitis
rifampin
rifampin side effects
induces Cyp450
orange
INH side effects
peripheral neuropathy
sideroblastic anemia
hepatitis with increased LFTs
give B6 to prevent
pyrazinamide side effects
benign hyperuricemia
ethambutol side effects
optic neuritis
color vision loss
auspitz’s sign
appearance of bleeding points after removal skin plaques
psoriasis
janeway lesions
small hemorrhagic lesions in skin
endocarditis
oslers nodes
painful red raised skin lesions
endocarditis
roths spots
endocarditis
exudative retinal lesions
cranial nerves
Some say marry money but my brother says big boobs matter more
S - sensory (olfactory nerve - CN I) S - sensory (optic nerve - CN II) M - motor (oculomotor nerve - CN III) M - motor (trochlear nerve - CN IV) B - both (trigeminal nerve - CN V) M - motor (abducens nerve - CN VI) B - both (facial nerve - CN VII) S - sensory (vestibulocochlear nerve - CN VIII) B - both (glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX) B - both (vagus nerve - CN X) M - motor (spinal accessory nerve - CN XI) M - motor (hypoglossal nerve - CN XII)
CN 1
smell
CN 2
vision
CN 3
opening eyes
CN 4
down medial
eye movements
CN 5
facial sensation
chewing
CN 6
lateral eye movements
CN 7
facial
CN 8
hearing and balance
CN 9
taste
CN 10
swallowing
CN 11
shoulder shrug
CN 12
tongue movement
pitting nails
psoriasis
spoon nails
iron def anemia
hemochromomatosis
miotic reactive pupil
ptosis
horners syndrome
