My LEO Authorities

Question 1

AMB 5000 CH2

Congress, using the power granted it by the Constitution to make laws, has given Air and Marine Interdiction Agents what specific statutory authority?

Answer 1

1. ) Stop and detain people and things at the “border” to determine their admissibility.
2. ) Question people regarding their immigration status.
3. ) Search people and things connected to the “border”
4. ) Arrest violators and seize goods, 19 USC 1589a & 8 USC 1357

Question 2

AMB 5000 CH2

With having Probable Cause, and no warrant, what are OAM agents authorized to arrest for?

Answer 2

1. ) Federal Felonies that occur in or out of their presence.
2. ) Federal Misdemeanors that occur in their presence.
3. ) Immigration misdemeanors that occur outside of their presence.

Question 12

AMB 5000 CH2

As a Law Enforcement Officer, what are the sources of limitation on your authority.

Answer 12

IN THIS ORDER:

1. ) U.S. Constitution (4th, 5th, & 6th Amendments)
2. ) U.S. Statutes
3. ) U.S. Regulations
4. ) Agency Policies
5. ) Judicial Decisions (ex. Graham vs. O’Connor)

Question 17

AMB 5000 CH1

What are the major subjects of the U.S. Code?

Answer 17

1. ) 6 USC: Homeland Security statute
2. ) 8 USC: Immigration statutes
3. ) 19 USC: Customs Statutes

4. ) 18 USC: General Crimes
5. ) 7 USC: Agriculture Crimes
6. ) 21 USC: Drug Crimes
7. ) 31 USC: Money Crimes

Question 27

AMB 5000 CH2

Which U.S.C # allows this:

Arrest (without warrant) for violation of immigration laws committed in front of the officer.

*It grants authority to “Immigration Officers” to arrest any alien who in the agent/officer’s presence or view is entering or attempting to enter in violation of immigration laws or any alien already in the United States in violation of immigration laws and is likely to escape before an arrest warrant can be obtained.

Answer 27

8 UCS 1357(a)(2)

*INA 287(a)(2)

Question 28

AMB 5000 CH2

Which U.S.C # allows this:

Arrest (without warrant) for immigration felonies, before they can escape

*It grants authority to “Immigration Officers” to arrest any person for an immigration related felony and the person is likely to escape before a warrant can be obtained.

Answer 28

8 USC 1357(a)(4)

*INA 287(a)(4)

Question 29

AMB 5000 CH2

Which U.S.C # allows this:

Arrest (without warrant) for federal crimes committed in front of the Officer, before they can escape.

*It grants the authority to “Immigration Officers” to arrest for any federal crime that occurs in the agent/officer’s presence and the person is likely to escape before obtaining a warrant.

Answer 29

8 USC 1357(a)(5)(A)

*INA 287(a)(5)(A)

Question 30

AMB 5000 CH2

Which U.S.C # allows this:

Arrest (without warrant) for any federal Offenses:

1. ) Federal Felonies committed in or out of the officer’s presence
2. ) Federal Misdemeanors committed in front of the officers presence.
   * *It grants the authority to “Immigration Officers” to arrest, without a warrant, for any federal offense, felon or misdemeanor, that occurs in the officer/agent’s presence and for federal felonies that occur outside the officer/agent’s presence.*
   * *Federal misdemeanor’s that occur outside the officer/agent’s presence require a warrant.*

Answer 30

19 USC 1589a

Question 31

AMB 5000 CH3

What are the “Levels of Suspicion”?

Answer 31

1. ) Zero suspicion
2. ) Some/Mere suspicion
3. ) Reasonable Suspicion
4. ) Probable Cause
5. ) Reasonable Certainty
6. ) Beyond a reasonable doubt

Question 32

AMB 5000 CH3

Define “Some/Mere Suspicion”.

Answer 32

You have a “hunch” about something.

Question 33

AMB 5000 CH3

Define “Reasonable Suspicion”.

Answer 33

Specific articulable facts exist, and the officer suspects that a person MIGHT BE engaged in crime.

Question 34

AMB 5000 CH3

Define “Probable Cause”.

Answer 34

A collection of facts and circumstance that leads the officer to believe that a person has committed a crime.

Question 35

AMB 5000 CH3

Define “Reasonable Certainty”.

Answer 35

A firm belief or firm conviction that a person has committed a crime.

Question 36

AMB 5000 CH1

Which U.S.C # allows this:

It grants authority to “Immigration Officers” to be able to interrogate non-U.S. citizens about their right to be or remain in the United States.

Answer 36

8 USC 1375(a)

*INA 287(a)(1)

Question 37

AMB 5000 CH3

What actions can you take if you have only Zero Suspicion?

Answer 37

1. ) Pilot/Vessel Document Check
2. ) Consent Search
3. ) Inventory
4. ) Routine SIA

Question 38

AMB 5000 CH3

What actions can you take if you have Zero Suspicion + administrative authority?

Answer 38

1. ) Border Search/Detention
2. ) Vessel Docs Check
3. ) Pilot Cert Check
4. ) BP Check Point primary

Question 39

AMB 5000 CH3

What actions can you take if you have Reasonable Suspicion?

Answer 39

1. ) Investigative Detention
2. ) Frisk
3. ) Protective Sweep
4. ) Non-routine SIA (strip search)
5. ) Border search involving partial body search
6. ) Body Cavity Search
7. ) Medical Search
8. ) BP Check Point secondary for criminal matters

Question 40

AMB 5000 CH3

What actions can you take if you have Probable Cause?

Answer 40

1. ) Arrest or seizure of property
2. ) Plain View seizure
3. ) Mobile Conveyance search
4. ) Hot Pursuit
5. ) Now or Never search
6. ) Emergency search

Question 41

AMB 5000 CH1

Which U.S.C # allows this:

It grants authority to “Immigration Officers” to be able to seize vehicles used to smuggle aliens into the United States

Answer 41

8 USC 1324(b)

*INA 274(b)

Question 42

AMB 5000 CH1

Which U.S.C # allows this:

It grants authority to “Customs Officers” to conduct Border Searches.

Answer 42

19 USC 1581(a)

Question 51

AMB 5000 CH3

What are the exceptions to the warrant requirements?

Answer 51

1. ) Arrest in a public location
2. ) Plain View seizure
3. ) Mobile Conveyance search
4. ) Exigent Circumstances
   * -Hot pursuit*
   * -Now or Never*
   * -Emergency*

Question 98

AMB 5000 CH3

Which U.S.C # allows this:

The Limiting of the LEO from entering private agricultural land solely to interview agricultural workers regarding their immigration status.

*Officer needs another reason to be on the land. (Ex. Border Patrol, to arrest a feeling felon, to respond to a bona fide emergency, etc.)

Answer 98

INA 287(a)(3) limits your authority.