My Geography Flashcards
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Kosovo
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Italy
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Bulgaria
What sea is this?
Black Sea
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Ukraine
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Albania
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Estonia
What is this country?
Lithuania
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Romania
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Egypt
What island is this?
Okinawa
What island is this?
Corsica
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Bhutan
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Norway
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Pakistan
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Ukraine
What sea is this?
Caspian Sea
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Syria
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Macedonia
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Indonesia
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Greece
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Armenia
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Uzbekistan
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
What island is this?
Cyprus
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Czech Republic
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Ukraine
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South Korea
Where is Moreton Island?
Centre in line with Redcliffe, bottom in line with Sandgate
What island is this?
Christmas Island
What country is this?
Saudi Arabia
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Belarus
What country is this?
Moldova
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Japan
What island is this?
Crete
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Iraq
What’s this country / island group?
Maldives
What country is this?
Serbia
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Belgium
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Latvia
What two towns lie west of Nambour?
Kennilworth and Kingaroy
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Latvia
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Turkey
What is this country?
Cambodia
What country is this?
Iran
What country is this?
Poland
What three towns are west of Caloundra?
Maleny, Nanango and Kumbia
What country is this?
Albania
Where is Dunwich?
Norht Stradbroke Island
What country is this?
Syria
What country is this?
Turkey
What country is this?
Iraq
Where is Cape Moreton?
Top of Moreton Island
What country is this?
Kosovo
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Hungary
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Germany
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Austria
What country is this?
Western New Guinea
What is this feature called?
Gulf of Aden
What country is this?
Nepal
What country is this?
Croatia
What country is this?
Slovenia
What country is this?
Lithuania
What’s this island?
Crete
What country is this?
Kazakhstan
What country is this?
Bangladesh
What country is this?
Switzland
What country is this?
Kenya
What country is this?
Czech Republic
What three towns does Sandgate roughly line up with as you look west?
Mt Glorious, Goombundgee, Bowenville
What’s this island?
Sri Lanka
Where is Bribie Island?
Top is just south of Caloundra; bottom is just north of Caboolture and towards the top of Moreton Island (but well west of Moreton and quite close to land)
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North Korea
What country is this?
Denmark
What country is this?
Taiwan
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Germany
Where is Maleny relative to Caloundra and Nambour?
Slightly north west of Caloundra and south west of Nambour
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Yemen
What country is this?
Laos
What is this country?
Romania
What country is this?
India
What country is this?
Bosnia and Herzegovina
What sea is this?
Red Sea
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China
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Afghanistan
What’s this island?
Sardinia
What is this country?
Belarus
What country is this?
Croatia
What island is this?
Madagascar
What country is this?
Somalia
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Ukraine
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Turkey
What is the area referred to as The Balkans?
The term “the Balkans” includes states in the region which may extend beyond the peninsula, and is not defined by the geography of the peninsula itself.
The Balkans are usually said to comprise Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia, while Greece and Turkey are often excluded.
Its total area is usually given as 666,700 square km (257,400 square miles) and the population as 59,297,000 (est. 2002).
The term Southeastern Europe is also used for the region, with various definitions.
Individual Balkan states are also considered to be part of other regions, including Southern Europe and Eastern Europe.
Croatia, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia are also sometimes considered part of Central Europe.
Turkey, often including its European territory, is also included in Western or Southwestern Asia. (Wiipedia)
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Tanzania
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Belgium
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Poland
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Malta
What three towns does Redcliffe roughly line up with as you look west?
Esk, Crows Nest and Dalby
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Norway
What is this country
Germany
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Ethiopia
What’s this island?
Corsica
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Montenegro
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Greece
What is this country?
Belgium
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Philippines
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Thailand
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Germany
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Kyrgyzstan
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Switzerland
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Papua New Guinea
What happened to Yugoslavia?
After the Allied victory in World War II, Yugoslavia was set up as a federation of six republics, with borders drawn along ethnic and historical lines:
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia
Macedonia
Montenegro
Serbia
Slovenia.
In addition, two autonomous provinces were established within Serbia:
Vojvodina (Appears now to be part of Serbia)
Kosovo.
Each of the republics had its own branch of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia party and a ruling elite, and any tensions were solved on the federal level.
The Yugoslav model of state organization, as well as a “MIDDLE WAY” between planned and liberal economy, had been a relative success, and the country experienced a period of strong economic growth and relative political stability up to the 1980s, under the rule of president-for-life Josip Broz Tito.
After his death in 1980, the weakened system of federal government was left unable to cope with rising economic and political challenges. ……..
The breakup of Yugoslavia occurred as a result of a series of political upheavals and conflicts during the early 1990s.
After a period of political and economic crisis in the 1980s, constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia split apart, but the unresolved issues caused bitter inter-ethnic Yugoslav wars.
The wars primarily affected Bosnia and Herzegovina, neighboring parts of Croatia and some years later, Kosovo. ….
The independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina proved to be the final blow to the pan-Yugoslav Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
On 28 April 1992, the Serb-dominated Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) was formed as a rump state, consisting only of the former Socialist Republics of Serbia and Montenegro. Its government claimed continuity to the former country, however, the international community refused to recognize it as such.
The stance of the international community was that Yugoslavia had dissolved into its separate states. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was prevented by a UN resolution on 22 September 1992 from continuing to occupy the United Nations seat as successor state to SFRY.
The five years of disintegration and war in the 1990s led to a boycott and embargo of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, whose economy collapsed as a result.
This question (its seat on the U.N.) was important for claims on SFRY’s international assets, including embassies in many countries. Only in 1996 had the FRY abandoned its claim to continuity from the SFRY. The FRY was dominated by Slobodan Milošević and his political allies.
The war in the western parts of former Yugoslavia ended in 1995 with US-sponsored peace talks in Dayton, Ohio, which resulted in the Dayton Agreement.
The Kosovo War started in 1996 and ended with the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. Slobodan Milošević was overthrown in 2000.
FR Yugoslavia was renamed on 4 February 2003 as the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.
The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro was itself unstable, and finally broke up in 2006 when, in a referendum held on 21 May 2006, Montenegrin independence was backed by 55.5% of voters, and independence was declared on 3 June 2006. Serbia inherited the State Union’s UN membership.[59]
Kosovo had been administered by the UN since the Kosovo war; however, on 17 February 2008, Kosovo declared independencefrom Serbia as the Republic of Kosovo.
On one side, The United States, the United Kingdom and much of the EU recognized this act of self determination, with the United States sending people to help assist Kosovo.[60]
On the other hand, Serbia and some of the international community—most notably Russia, Spain and China—have not recognised Kosovo’s declaration of independence. As of July 2015, Kosovo is recognised by 56% of the United Nations. (Compiled and reordered from Wikipedia, Jan 2019)
Where is Tangalooma located on Moreton Island?
West (mainland) side in the centre
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Slovakia
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Jordan
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Finland
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Turkey
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Oman
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Mozambique
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Bulgaria
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Italy
Where is North Stradbroke Island?
Top in line with Wynnum; middle out from Cleveland
What country is this?
Burma
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Macedonia
What’s this country?
Vietnam
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Azerbaijan
Where is the Gold Coast?
At the bottom of Stradbroke Island
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Mongolia
Where is Point Lookout?
North Stradbroke Island
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Tajikistan
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Slovakia
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Netherlands
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Hungary
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Montenegro
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Denmark
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Austria
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Russia
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Russia
Where is South Stradbroke Island?
Top is south of Beenleigh and bottom is just above Southport
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Netherlands
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Sudan
Where is Coolangatta - Tweed Heads?
At the “headland” near the mouth of the Tweed River
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France
What country is this?
Iran
What is this country?
Poland
What is this feature called?
Persian Gulf
What’s this country?
Algeria
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Sweden
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Serbia
What country is this?
Sweden
What’s this country?
Tunisia
What’s this island?
Sicily
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Georgia
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Malaysia
What is this country?
East Timor
What island group administered by Australia is located here?
Cocus (Keeling) Islands
What country is this?
Lebanon
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Singapore
What country is this?
Slovenia
Regarding Moldova, what are some key historic and contemporary factors?
Landlocked country
Bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south.
Capital city is Chișinău.
1812 ceded to the Russian Empire by the Ottoman Empire.
In 1924 Russia allowed the establishment, within the Ukrainian SSR, of a Moldavian autonomous republic
In 1940, the creation of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (note: much changing of boundaries over time)
On 27 August 1991, as the dissolution of the Soviet Union was under way, the Moldavian SSR declared independence and took the name Moldova.
Due to a decrease in industrial and agricultural output following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the service sector has grown to dominate Moldova’s economy and is over 60% of the nation’s GDP.
Its economy is the poorest in Europe in per capita terms
Moldova is also the least visited country in Europe by tourists with only 11,000 annually recorded visitors from abroad.[17]
Moldova is a parliamentary republic with a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. It is a member state of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC)
It aspires to join the European Union.
Regarding South Korea, what are some key factors since World War 2?
South Korea Chronology of Key Events:
1945 - After World War II, Japanese occupation ends with Soviet troops occupying area north of the 38th parallel, and US troops in the south.
1948 - Republic of Korea proclaimed.
1950 - South declares independence, sparking North Korean invasion.
1953 - Armistice ends Korean War, which has cost two million lives.
1950s - South sustained by crucial US military, economic and political support.
1960 - President Syngman Ree steps down after student protests against electoral fraud. New constitution forms Second Republic, but political freedom remains limited.
Coup
1961 - Military coup puts General Park Chung-hee in power.
1963 - General Park restores some political freedom and proclaims Third Republic. Major programme of industrial development begins.
1972 - Martial law. Park increases his powers with constitutional changes.
After secret North-South talks, both sides seek to develop dialogue aimed at unification.
1979 - Park assassinated. General Chun Doo-hwan seizes power the following year.
1980 - Martial law declared after student demonstrations. In the city of Gwangju army kills at least 200 people. Fifth republic and new constitution.
1981 - Chun indirectly elected to a seven year term. Martial law ends, but government continues to have strong powers to prevent dissent.
1986 - Constitution is changed to allow direct election of the president.
Return to democracy
1980s - Increasing shift towards high-tech and computer industry.
1987 - President Chun pushed out of office by student unrest and international pressure in the build-up to the Sixth Constitution. General Roh Tae-woo succeeds President Chun, grants greater degree of political liberalisation and launches anti-corruption drive.
1988 - Olympic games in Seoul. First free parliamentary elections.
1991 - North and South Korea join United Nations.
1993 - President Roh succeeded by Kim Young Sam, a former opponent of the regime and the first freely-elected civilian president.
1996 - South Korea admitted to Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Sunshine policy
1998 - Kim Dae-jung sworn in as president and pursues “sunshine policy” of offering unconditional economic and humanitarian aid to North Korea.
2000 June - Summit in Pyongyang between Kim Jong-il and South Korean President Kim Dae-jung. North stops propaganda broadcasts against South.
2000 August - Border liaison offices re-open at truce village of Panmunjom. South Korea gives amnesty to more than 3,500 prisoners. One hundred North Koreans meet their relatives in the South in a highly-charged, emotional reunion. Kim Dae-jung awarded Nobel Peace Prize.
2001 - Opening of Incheon International Airport, built on tidal land off port of Incheon.
2002 March - Group of 25 North Koreans defect to South Korea through Spanish embassy in Beijing, highlighting plight of tens of thousands hiding in China after fleeing famine, repression in North.
Naval battle
2002 June - Battle between South Korean and North Korean naval vessels along their disputed sea border leaves four South Koreans dead and 19 wounded. Thirty North Koreans are thought to have been killed.
2002 December - Roh Moo-hyun, from governing Millennium Democratic Party, wins closely-fought presidential elections.
2003 October - Biggest mass crossing of demilitarised zone since Korean War: Hundreds of South Koreans travel to Pyongyang for opening of gymnasium funded by South’s Hyundai conglomerate.
2004 February - Parliament approves controversial dispatch of 3,000 troops to Iraq.
2003: Korea’s president takes on big business
2004 June - US proposes to cut its troop presence by a third. Opposition raises security fears over the plan.
2005: South Koreans vent fury at Japan
2005 June - Kim Woo-choong, the fugitive former head of Daewoo, returns and is arrested for his role in the industrial giant’s $70bn-plus collapse. In May 2006 he is sentenced to 10 years in jail.
2005 December - South Koreans are shocked by revelations that cloning scientist and national hero Dr Hwang Woo-suk faked landmark research on stem cell research. 2006 October - Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon is appointed as the UN’s new secretary-general. He takes office in January 2007.
2007 February - South and North Korea agree to restart high-level talks suspended since July 2006 in wake of North’s nuclear test.
Head of the largest South Korean car maker, Hyundai, is jailed for three years for embezzlement.
2007 April - South Korea and the US agree on a free-trade deal after 10 months of talks, although US Congress only ratifies it in 2011.
2007 May - Passenger trains cross the North-South border for the first time in 56 years.
2007 December - Conservative Lee Myung-bak wins landslide victory in presidential election.
2008 February - The country’s greatest cultural treasure, the Namdaemun Gate, is destroyed by fire.
Financial crisis
2008 October - Government announces $130bn financial rescue package to shore up banking system and stabilise markets amis global financial crisis.
2009 January - North Korea says it is scrapping all military and political deals with the South.
2009 August - Former South Korean president Kim Dae-jung dies; North Korea sends a senior delegation to Seoul to pay its respects.
2009 October - North Korea expresses “regret” for unleashing dam water that drowned six campers downstream in South Korea in September. The two sides hold talks aimed at preventing flooding on the Imjin River which spans their militarised border.
2009 November - South and North Korean warships exchange fire across a disputed sea border, and again in January.
2010 January - North accepts an offer of food aid from South, the first such aid in two years.
2010 May - South Korea breaks off all trade with the North after naval ship Cheonan was sunk by a North Korean torpedo in March. Pyongyang describes the findings as a “fabrication” and cuts all diplomatic ties with Seoul.
2010 November - Cross-border clash near disputed maritime border results in death of two South Korean marines. South Korea places its military on highest non-wartime alert after shells land on Yeonpyeong island. Further exchange of fire in August.
2012 July - South Korea begins move of most ministries to “mini capital” at Sejong City, 120km south of Seoul. Key ministries will remain in Seoul.
2012 August - Lee Myung-bak becomes first president to visit the Liancourt Rocks, which Japan also claims. Tokyo recalls its ambassador in protest.
2012 October - South Korea strikes deal with the US to almost triple the range of its ballistic missile system to 800km as a response to North Korea’s test of a long-range rocket in April.
2012 December - South Korea elects its first female president, Park Geun-hye, of the conservative Saenuri party. She takes office in February.
New spike in tensions
2013 January - South Korea launches a satellite into orbit for the first time using a rocket launched from its own soil. Comes weeks after a North Korean rocket placed a satellite in orbit.
2013 March - South Korea accuses North of a cyber-attack that temporarily shuts down the computer systems at banks and broadcasters.
2013 September - North and South Korea reopen Kaesong joint industrial complex and hotline.
2013 December - South Korea announces expansion of air defence zone, two weeks after China unilaterally announced its own extended air defence zone in East China Sea to include disputed Socotra Rock.
2014 March - North and South Korea exchange fire into sea across the disputed western maritime border during largest South-US military training exercise in region for 20 years.
Ferry disaster
2014 April - Sewol ferry sinks off west coast, killing at least 281 people, mainly high-school students.
2014 October - North and South Korea engage in rare exchange fire across their land border as South Korean activists launch balloons containing leaflets condemning North Korean leader Kim Jong-un. Gun fire also exchanged when Northern patrol ship crossed disputed western maritime border.
US and South Korea again postpone transfer of control over troops in South in event of war with North, citing “intensifying threat” from Pyongyang. Transfer due in 2012, and delayed until 2015. No new date set.
2014 December - Constitutional Court bans left-wing Unified Progressive Party, accused of being pro-North Korean.
President Park calls for cyber security at key facilities to be strengthened after data on its nuclear reactors is leaked.
2015 March - North Korea fires short-range surface-to-air missiles into the sea in an apparent show of force against annual military drills between South Korea and the United States.
2015 November-December - Mass protests in Seoul against government’s economic policy and insistence on schools’ using state-approved history books.
President impeached
2016 October - President Park Geun-Hye is embroiled in a political crisis over revelations that she allowed a personal friend, with no government position, to meddle in affairs of state. She is later impeached.
2016 December - South Korea’s military says its cyber command came under attack by North Korean hackers.
2017 May - The centre-left candidate Moon Jae-in is elected president in a landslide, and pledges to solve the North Korean crisis by diplomatic means.
2018 January - North and South Korea agree to march under the same flag at next month’s Winter Olympics in South Korea in a thaw in relations.
2018 April - Kim Jong-un becomes first North Korean leader to enter the South when he meets President Moon Jae-in for talks at the Panmunjom border crossing. They agree to end hostile actions and work towards reducing nuclear arms on the peninsula.
What year was the first recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil? And where did it occur?
The first recorded European landfall occurred in 1606.
This first landfall was made by the Dutch East India Company ship Duyfken, under Captain Willem Janszoon, in exploring the western coast of Cape York Peninsula, near what is now Weipa. This was the first recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil.
What and where is Petra?
Petra originally known to its inhabitants as Raqmu, is a historical and archaeological city in southern Jordan. Petra lies on the slope of Jabal Al-Madbah in a basin among the mountains which form the eastern flank of the Arabah valley that runs from the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba.[3] Petra is believed to have been settled as early as 9,000 BC, and it was possibly established in the 4th century BC as the capital city of the Nabataean Kingdom. The Nabataeans were nomadic Arabs who invested in Petra’s proximity to the trade routes by establishing it as a major regional trading hub.[4]
The trading business gained the Nabataeans considerable revenue and Petra became the focus of their wealth. The earliest historical reference to Petra was an attack to the city ordered by Antigonus I in 312 BC recorded by various Greek historians. The Nabataeans were, unlike their enemies, accustomed to living in the barren deserts, and were able to repel attacks by utilizing the area’s mountainous terrain. They were particularly skillful in harvesting rainwater, agriculture and stone carving. Petra flourished in the 1st century AD when its famous Khazneh structure – believed to be the mausoleum of Nabataean King Aretas IV – was constructed, and its population peaked at an estimated 20,000 inhabitants.[5]
Although the Nabataean Kingdom became a client state for the Roman Empire in the first century BC, it was only in 106 AD that they lost their independence. Petra fell to the Romans, who annexed and renamed Nabataea to Arabia Petraea. Petra’s importance declined as sea trade routes emerged, and after a 363 earthquake destroyed many structures. The Byzantine Era witnessed the construction of several Christian churches, but the city continued to decline, and by the early Islamic era became an abandoned place where only a handful of nomads lived. It remained unknown to the world until it was rediscovered in 1812 by Johann Ludwig Burckhardt.[6]
The city is accessed through a 1.2-kilometre-long (0.75 mi) gorge called the Siq, which leads directly to the Khazneh. Famous for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit system, Petra is also called the Rose City due to the color of the stone out of which it is carved.[7] It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985. UNESCO has described it as “one of the most precious cultural properties of man’s cultural heritage”.[8] In 2007, Al-Khazneh was voted in as one of the New7Wonders of the World. Petra is a symbol of Jordan, as well as Jordan’s most-visited tourist attraction. Tourist numbers peaked at 1 million in 2010; the following period witnessed a slump due to instability around Jordan. However, tourist numbers have picked up recently, and around 800,000 tourists visited the site in 2018.
What and where is Mt Etna?
Mount Etna is an active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, in the Metropolitan City of Catania, between the cities of Messina and Catania.
Mount Etna is one of the world’s most active volcanoes and is in an almost constant state of activity. The fertile volcanic soils support extensive agriculture, with vineyards and orchardsspread across the lower slopes of the mountain and the broad Plain of Catania to the south.
What is the Indo-Pacific Region?
The Indo-Pacific, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, is a biogeographic region of Earth’s seas, comprising the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the seas connecting the two in the general area of Indonesia. (See map below).
It does not include the temperate and polar regions of the Indian and Pacific oceans, nor the Tropical Eastern Pacific, along the Pacific coast of the Americas, which is also a distinct marine realm.
The term is especially useful in marine biology, ichthyology, and similar fields, since many marine habitats are continuously connected from Madagascar to Japan and Oceania, and a number of species occur over that range, but are not found in the Atlantic Ocean.
