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MYCOLOGY > my > Flashcards

my Flashcards

1
Q

Either Yeast ____’C and Molds ___’C

A

DIMORPHISM
Yeast 37’C
Mold 25’C

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2
Q

Round, Non filamentous

A

Unicellular

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3
Q

UNICELLULAR; Round, Non filamentous Capable of forming Pseudohyphae

A

Yeast

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4
Q

filamentous

A

Multicellular

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5
Q

MULTICELLULAR; filamentous
Capable of forming hyphae

A

Molds

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6
Q

Basic structural unit of MOLDS

A

Hypha

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7
Q

pigment

A

Dematiaceous

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8
Q

no pigment (transparent)

A

Hyaline/Moniliaceous

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9
Q

Crosswalls

A

Septate

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10
Q

For reproduction

A

Spore

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11
Q

Aggregates or mass of HYPHA

A

Mycellium

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12
Q

cork screw like (Trichophyton)

A

Spiral

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13
Q

antler like appearance

A

Favic chandelier

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14
Q

rootlike process

A

RHIZOIDS

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15
Q

Example of favic chandelier

A

Trichophyton schoenleinii

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16
Q

It Gives rise to an ANAMORPH or IMPERFECT STATE

A

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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17
Q

Known to be as Deuteromycota

A

FUNGI IMPERPECTI

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18
Q

Feeding or trophic phase

A

SOMATIC PHASE

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19
Q

• Asexual Reproduction

• Sexual Reproduction

A

REPRODUCTIVE PHASE

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20
Q

Formation of spores and conidia, no fusion of nuclei, spore production is through differentiation of spore bearing hypha

A

Asexual

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21
Q

Asexual reproduction
includes

A

Budding
Fragmentation
Fission

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22
Q

borne in a sporangia.

A

Sporangiopspores

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23
Q

does not involve cleavage; produced singly or in long chains or clusters by conidiophores.

A

Conidium

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24
Q

Produced by rounding up and enlargement of the terminal hyphal cells (terminal, intercallary, sessile

A

Chlamydospore

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25
Q

Barrel shape, w/ dysjunctor cells giving a checkered appearance Barrel shape, w/ dysjunctor cells giving a checkered appearance

A

Arthrospore

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26
Q

Example is Dermatophytes

A

Macro-microconidia

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27
Q

enclosed in an ascus.

A

Ascospores

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28
Q

fruiting body of ascospores

A

Ascocarps

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29
Q

formed inside a basidium (club shape)

A

Basidiospores

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30
Q

thick-walled spores formed by fusion of 2 hyphal strand

A

Zygospores

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31
Q

fusion of cells from 2 separate non-identical hypha

A

Oospers

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32
Q

No crosswalls

A

aseptate

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33
Q

exotoxins produced by fungi

A

Mycotoxins

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34
Q

produced by Aspergillus flavus, Aflatoxin B1 (most toxic) of St. Anthony’s fire

A

Ergot alkaloids-

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35
Q

CLASS ______ BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINET should be used

A

Class 2

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36
Q

Petri-dishes are not recommended instead _____ prefferd

A

USE screw top tubes

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37
Q

may be used to identify infected hair (fluoresce)

A

WOOD’S LAMP

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38
Q

Disinfect the skin with _______

A

70% alcohol.

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39
Q

must be prepared to break tissues debris.

A

KOH WET MOUNT m

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40
Q

KOH WET MOUT preparation is within

A

5-10mins

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41
Q

Obtain from exudate.

A

ABSCESS AND SUBCUTANEOUS INFECTION

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42
Q

✓ Can be collected in BHI ✓ Isolator tube ✓ Septicheck

What specimen is used

A

Blood

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43
Q

Spx used For diagnosis of Histoplasmosis

A

Buffy coat

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44
Q

Heparinized, can be inoculated at the bedside

A

Bone marrow

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45
Q

Spx For Cryptococcus neoformans detection

A

Csf

46
Q

Spx that Should be minced or grinded.

A

Tissue

47
Q

Simplest but lacks contrast, prepared using sterile NSS (1-2drops)

A

Wet preparation

48
Q

Used to observe yeast, hyphae amd pseudohyphae

A

Wet preparation

49
Q

For initial examination of keratinized tissue.

A

KOH 10-20%

50
Q

In KOH prep: add small amount of the specimen to ______

A

1 drop of koh/1-2 drops

51
Q

can also be added to prevent the solution from crystallizin allow to stand for how many mins

A

Glycerol
5-19mins

52
Q

dissolves keratin to visualized fungal elements.

A

KOH

53
Q

Variations of KOH preparation ratio to blue black ink/methylene blue

A

2:1

54
Q

Hair samples can be examined if infection is endothrix or ectothrix

A

KOH 10-20%

55
Q

penetrating agent to speed the clearing process.

A

DMSO

56
Q

• Binds to chitin and cellulose and fluoresce under wood’s lamp;

A

Calcoflour White

57
Q

Color if positive to wood’s lamp

A

Apple green or white

58
Q

for Histoplasma (found in the blood and BM)

A

Giemsa/Wright’s Stain

59
Q

blue color stai

A

Lactophenol Cotton Blue (Aman)

60
Q

For capsule demonstration

A

India ink/Nigrosin

61
Q

For presence of fungal hypha

A

PAS

62
Q

What color if positive to PSA

A

purplish red

63
Q

Hucker modification)

A

Hucker modification)

64
Q

Stain is black

A

Masson Fontana Stain

65
Q

• Used to differentiate Trichophyton rubrum (w/ red pigment) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes

A

Cornmeal agar

66
Q

Cornmeal agar is composed of?

A

1% glucose

67
Q

for Aspergillus

A

Czapek’s

68
Q

uses thistle (Guizotia seeds)

A

Birdseed/Nigerseed/Staib’s

69
Q

What is positive for cornmeal agar?
Produce what pigment

A

Trichophyton rubrum red pigment

70
Q

converts mold phase of Blastomyces to yeast phase

A

Cottonseed

71
Q

Produce brown black stain

A

Birdseed

72
Q

for identification of Microsporum audounii

A

Rice medium-

73
Q

general culture media,

A

SDA

74
Q

What is the pH or SDA

A

5.6

75
Q

SDA + cycloheximide + chloramphenicol

A

Mycosel (AKA Mycobiotic) –

76
Q

Detects urease production of C. neoformans

A

Urea Agar-

77
Q

What is positive in urea agar

A

T.mentagrophytes

78
Q

Differentiates T. mentagrophytes (+) from T. rubrum

A

Urea agar

79
Q

For pigment

A

Potato dextrose agar

80
Q

For chlamydospore

A

Cornmeal tween 80 agar

81
Q

For yeast

A

Brain heart infusion agar -

82
Q

For nocardia

A

Casein medium

83
Q

phenol red indicator

A

Dermatophyte test medium

84
Q

Specimens should be incubated up to a_______and examined periodically before reporting as negative.

A

1month / 4 weeks/ 30 days

85
Q

Most fungi grow optimally at _____

A

30’C

86
Q

Yeast usually grow within

A

1-3 days

87
Q

Histoplasma may require _____

A

10-12 weeks

88
Q

less than 5 days (Saprobes)

A

Rapid growers

89
Q

6-10 days (opportunistic fungi and Dermatophytes

A

Intermediate Growers-

90
Q

11 or more days or up to 8 weeks (Systematic and opportunistic)

A

Slow growers

91
Q

Small amount of isolated yeast colony plus serum or plasma

A

Germ tube test

92
Q

Incubate at 37C for 2-3 hours- a drop of suspension is examined microscopically

A

Germ tube test

93
Q

Fungi tas is positive to germ tube

A

Candida albicans

94
Q

Are hyphal like extensions of yeast cells produced without a constriction at the point of origin.

A

Germ tube

95
Q

Serum incubated with yeast cell at ___’C ____ hours

A

37’C 2-3 hrs

96
Q

When is come to serum culture if yeast not only seen:

A

Negative not candida

97
Q

When is come to serum culture if there are yeast and hypha seen

A

Candida

98
Q

When is come to serum culture ✓ If yeasts, hyphae,chlamydoconidia and germ tubes are present:

A

Candida albicams or Candida dubliniensis

99
Q

For Dermatophytes since they are keratinophilic; dermatophytes will grow selectively on it.

A

HAIR BAITING TEST

100
Q

In vitro test to distinguish T. mentagrophytes from T. rubrum

A

HAIR PENETRATION TEST

101
Q

In HAIR PENETRATION TEST

No penetration after 1 month = ?

A

T.rubrum

102
Q

In HAIR PENETRATION TEST

With V shaped penetration =

A

T. Mentagrophytes

103
Q

For Dermatophytes
Ex T. tonsurans

A

THIAMINE REQUIREMENT

104
Q

BIOCHEMICAL TEST
What are the two commonly used

A

API20C, ID32C

105
Q

Ag test

A

Serology

106
Q

Mannan Ag detects

A

Candida

107
Q

Galactomannan is detects

A

Aspergillus

108
Q

Broth microdilution and E-test McFarlan

A

Ast method

109
Q

Standard used in Mcfarlan

A

1.0

110
Q

Noninvasive, confined mainly to the horny non-living layer of the skin and the extrafollicular parts of the hair

A

Superficial mycoses

111
Q

Skin infection

A

Tineas

112
Q

Hair infections

A

Piedras

MYCOLOGY (4 decks)

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