my Flashcards
1
Q
Either Yeast ____’C and Molds ___’C
A
DIMORPHISM
Yeast 37’C
Mold 25’C
2
Q
Round, Non filamentous
A
Unicellular
3
Q
UNICELLULAR; Round, Non filamentous Capable of forming Pseudohyphae
A
Yeast
4
Q
filamentous
A
Multicellular
5
Q
MULTICELLULAR; filamentous
Capable of forming hyphae
A
Molds
6
Q
Basic structural unit of MOLDS
A
Hypha
7
Q
pigment
A
Dematiaceous
8
Q
no pigment (transparent)
A
Hyaline/Moniliaceous
9
Q
Crosswalls
A
Septate
10
Q
For reproduction
A
Spore
11
Q
Aggregates or mass of HYPHA
A
Mycellium
12
Q
cork screw like (Trichophyton)
A
Spiral
13
Q
antler like appearance
A
Favic chandelier
14
Q
rootlike process
A
RHIZOIDS
15
Q
Example of favic chandelier
A
Trichophyton schoenleinii
16
Q
It Gives rise to an ANAMORPH or IMPERFECT STATE
A
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
17
Q
Known to be as Deuteromycota
A
FUNGI IMPERPECTI
18
Q
Feeding or trophic phase
A
SOMATIC PHASE
19
Q
• Asexual Reproduction
• Sexual Reproduction
A
REPRODUCTIVE PHASE
20
Q
Formation of spores and conidia, no fusion of nuclei, spore production is through differentiation of spore bearing hypha
A
Asexual
21
Q
Asexual reproduction
includes
A
Budding
Fragmentation
Fission
22
Q
borne in a sporangia.
A
Sporangiopspores
23
Q
does not involve cleavage; produced singly or in long chains or clusters by conidiophores.
A
Conidium
24
Q
Produced by rounding up and enlargement of the terminal hyphal cells (terminal, intercallary, sessile
A
Chlamydospore
25
Barrel shape, w/ dysjunctor cells giving a checkered appearance Barrel shape, w/ dysjunctor cells giving a checkered appearance
Arthrospore
26
Example is Dermatophytes
Macro-microconidia
27
enclosed in an ascus.
Ascospores
28
fruiting body of ascospores
Ascocarps
29
formed inside a basidium (club shape)
Basidiospores
30
thick-walled spores formed by fusion of 2 hyphal strand
Zygospores
31
fusion of cells from 2 separate non-identical hypha
Oospers
32
No crosswalls
aseptate
33
exotoxins produced by fungi
Mycotoxins
34
produced by Aspergillus flavus, Aflatoxin B1 (most toxic) of St. Anthony’s fire
Ergot alkaloids-
35
CLASS ______ BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINET should be used
Class 2
36
Petri-dishes are not recommended instead _____ prefferd
USE screw top tubes
37
may be used to identify infected hair (fluoresce)
WOOD'S LAMP
38
Disinfect the skin with _______
70% alcohol.
39
must be prepared to break tissues debris.
KOH WET MOUNT m
40
KOH WET MOUT preparation is within
5-10mins
41
Obtain from exudate.
ABSCESS AND SUBCUTANEOUS INFECTION
42
✓ Can be collected in BHI ✓ Isolator tube ✓ Septicheck
What specimen is used
Blood
43
Spx used For diagnosis of Histoplasmosis
Buffy coat
44
Heparinized, can be inoculated at the bedside
Bone marrow
45
Spx For Cryptococcus neoformans detection
Csf
46
Spx that Should be minced or grinded.
Tissue
47
Simplest but lacks contrast, prepared using sterile NSS (1-2drops)
Wet preparation
48
Used to observe yeast, hyphae amd pseudohyphae
Wet preparation
49
For initial examination of keratinized tissue.
KOH 10-20%
50
In KOH prep: add small amount of the specimen to ______
1 drop of koh/1-2 drops
51
can also be added to prevent the solution from crystallizin allow to stand for how many mins
Glycerol
5-19mins
52
dissolves keratin to visualized fungal elements.
KOH
53
Variations of KOH preparation ratio to blue black ink/methylene blue
2:1
54
Hair samples can be examined if infection is endothrix or ectothrix
KOH 10-20%
55
penetrating agent to speed the clearing process.
DMSO
56
• Binds to chitin and cellulose and fluoresce under wood's lamp;
Calcoflour White
57
Color if positive to wood’s lamp
Apple green or white
58
for Histoplasma (found in the blood and BM)
Giemsa/Wright's Stain
59
blue color stai
Lactophenol Cotton Blue (Aman)
60
For capsule demonstration
India ink/Nigrosin
61
For presence of fungal hypha
PAS
62
What color if positive to PSA
purplish red
63
Hucker modification)
Hucker modification)
64
Stain is black
Masson Fontana Stain
65
• Used to differentiate Trichophyton rubrum (w/ red pigment) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Cornmeal agar
66
Cornmeal agar is composed of?
1% glucose
67
for Aspergillus
Czapek's
68
uses thistle (Guizotia seeds)
Birdseed/Nigerseed/Staib's
69
What is positive for cornmeal agar?
Produce what pigment
Trichophyton rubrum red pigment
70
converts mold phase of Blastomyces to yeast phase
Cottonseed
71
Produce brown black stain
Birdseed
72
for identification of Microsporum audounii
Rice medium-
73
general culture media,
SDA
74
What is the pH or SDA
5.6
75
SDA + cycloheximide + chloramphenicol
Mycosel (AKA Mycobiotic) –
76
Detects urease production of C. neoformans
Urea Agar-
77
What is positive in urea agar
T.mentagrophytes
78
Differentiates T. mentagrophytes (+) from T. rubrum
Urea agar
79
For pigment
Potato dextrose agar
80
For chlamydospore
Cornmeal tween 80 agar
81
For yeast
Brain heart infusion agar -
82
For nocardia
Casein medium
83
phenol red indicator
Dermatophyte test medium
84
Specimens should be incubated up to a_______and examined periodically before reporting as negative.
1month / 4 weeks/ 30 days
85
Most fungi grow optimally at _____
30’C
86
Yeast usually grow within
1-3 days
87
Histoplasma may require _____
10-12 weeks
88
less than 5 days (Saprobes)
Rapid growers
89
6-10 days (opportunistic fungi and Dermatophytes
Intermediate Growers-
90
11 or more days or up to 8 weeks (Systematic and opportunistic)
Slow growers
91
Small amount of isolated yeast colony plus serum or plasma
Germ tube test
92
Incubate at 37C for 2-3 hours- a drop of suspension is examined microscopically
Germ tube test
93
Fungi tas is positive to germ tube
Candida albicans
94
Are hyphal like extensions of yeast cells produced without a constriction at the point of origin.
Germ tube
95
Serum incubated with yeast cell at ___’C ____ hours
37’C 2-3 hrs
96
When is come to serum culture if yeast not only seen:
Negative not candida
97
When is come to serum culture if there are yeast and hypha seen
Candida
98
When is come to serum culture ✓ If yeasts, hyphae,chlamydoconidia and germ tubes are present:
Candida albicams or Candida dubliniensis
99
For Dermatophytes since they are keratinophilic; dermatophytes will grow selectively on it.
HAIR BAITING TEST
100
In vitro test to distinguish T. mentagrophytes from T. rubrum
HAIR PENETRATION TEST
101
In HAIR PENETRATION TEST
No penetration after 1 month = ?
T.rubrum
102
In HAIR PENETRATION TEST
With V shaped penetration =
T. Mentagrophytes
103
For Dermatophytes
Ex T. tonsurans
THIAMINE REQUIREMENT
104
BIOCHEMICAL TEST
What are the two commonly used
API20C, ID32C
105
Ag test
Serology
106
Mannan Ag detects
Candida
107
Galactomannan is detects
Aspergillus
108
Broth microdilution and E-test McFarlan
Ast method
109
Standard used in Mcfarlan
1.0
110
Noninvasive, confined mainly to the horny non-living layer of the skin and the extrafollicular parts of the hair
Superficial mycoses
111
Skin infection
Tineas
112
Hair infections
Piedras
