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Epi Terms > MWU > Flashcards

MWU Flashcards

1
Q

Risk

A

p that event will occur

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2
Q

Risk Difference

A

Risk comparison of two groups

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3
Q

Incidence

A

frequency of event (new illness) in a pop. in set time

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4
Q

Prevalence

A

of of events (cases) in given population

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5
Q

Hazard Rate

A

How fast people die due to factor X

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6
Q

Attack Rate

A

Incidence Rate for small population for small time frame, like during epidemic

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7
Q

Cohort

A

people with common experience or exposure, followed for incidence of new disease or event

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8
Q

Cohort Study

A

observational analytical study of people with same exposure or of certain cohort

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9
Q

Case Control Study

A

type of observational analytical study based on presence “case” or absence “control” of disease.

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10
Q

Cross Sectional Study

A

observation of ALL of a population at one specific time

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11
Q

Randomized Trial

A

Observational study of selecting individuals such that each individual has the same probability of selection for given variable.

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12
Q

Confidence Interval

A

A range of values for a variable of interest

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13
Q

STD DEV

A

most widely used measure of dispersion of a frequency distribution, equal to the positive square root of the variance

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14
Q

Sensitivity

A

ability to detect persons with disease who actually have the disease. Be sensitive, they have a disease.

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15
Q

Specificity

A

Ability to detect persons without the disease correctly by screen test. Be specific who does NOT have the disease. Treatment could kill

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16
Q

Mortality Risk

A

measure of frequency of death in defined population in set period of time.

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17
Q

Relative Risk

A

comparison of the risk of event/ disease in two groups

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18
Q

Odds Ratio

A

measure of association, gives relationship btwn exposure and outcome from comparative study

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19
Q

Absoute Error

A

Amount of physical error in a measurement

20
Q

Alpha Error

A

False Positive- statistical error of hypothesis is correct when in fact it is not.

21
Q

Beta Error

A

False Negative- Type II, shows negative when it is actually positive

22
Q

Pos. Predictive Value

A

measure of the predictive value of a reported case or epidemic. Positive result includes the disease

23
Q

Neg. Predictive Value

A

Likelihood that a negative test result excludes the diseae

24
Q

Risk Ratio

A

Compared risk in two groups for event or disease

25
Q

Public Health

A

study of the pattern and occurrence of a disease in a community in order to prevent the disease within the community.

26
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study of the distribution and determinants of health- related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.

27
Q

Kappa Statistic

A

measurement of agreement btwn two observers

28
Q

Percent Agreement

A

inter-examiner reliability

29
Q

Cumulative Incidence

A

prob. that a particular event has occurred before given time. New cases/ pop at risk

30
Q

Confounder

A

not part of the real association with the actual disease

31
Q

Effect modifier

A

variable that modifies the observed effect of risk factor for disease

32
Q

Interaction

A

relationship of confounding factors on effect of outcome

33
Q

Regression

A

relation of predicted values of x and observed values of y

34
Q

Person Time

A

The sum of the time at risk for all persons in a population

35
Q

Attributable Risk

A

the difference in rate of a condition between an exposed population and an unexposed population

36
Q

Validity

A

extent that conclusion is well founded and corresponds accurately to the real world

37
Q

True positive

A

positive when it is in fact positive. Correct outcome for given stimulus

38
Q

True Negative

A

Correct non-response to non-stimulus. Negative result for negative condition

39
Q

False Positive

A

Alpha error, type 1. Postitive stimulus response to NO actual stimulus. Correct response when in fact not correct. Response below threshold

40
Q

False Negative

A

Beta error, type 2. No response to seen stimulus. negative response to positive input.

41
Q

Bias

A

Prejudice for predetermined outcome. Against unfavorable outcome and unfair advantage towards favorable outcome

42
Q

Reliability

A

yielding same or compatible results in different clinical experiments of trials

43
Q

Survival Rate

A

rate of survival of persons in study after treatment or placebo at set amount of time, 5, 10, 20 years etc

44
Q

Prevention

A

the intervening act in order of stopping an event from occurring

45
Q

Morbidity

A

departure from the state of well-being

46
Q

Association

A

Statistical relationship between two or more events, characteristics, or other variables.

Epi Terms (1 decks)

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