Mw Midterm Review Flashcards
Who was the Sun King?
Louis XIV
Who ran the Kingdom until Louis turned 23?
Cardinal Mazarin
Louis XIV Famous quote
“I am the State”
Who did Louis XIV oppress by revoking the Edict of Nantes?
Huguenots (French Protestants)
What is mercantilism?
When a country keeps business domestic to make the country self sufficient and the economy strong as long as the country stays strong
What did Louis XIV build to bankrupt France?
Versailles
Who was the last Queen of England
Queen Anne (1702-1714)
Who had control of England in the 1700s?
Parliament
What were the great powers of Europe in 1750
Austria Prussia France The United Kingdom Russia
Who was the dictator of Russia in 1750?
Peter the Great
What was Peter the Great’s main goal for Russia?
To westernize the country
Recruited western teachers, doctors, soldiers, etc.
Was Peter the Great benevolent? Why or Why not?
No
He was an autocratic ruler who forced his subjects to adopt western ways. He expanded serfdom so nobles had more power
Where did Russia expand to?
Overland
The Cossacks defeated the Mongols and took Siberia.
Peter wanted a warm water port for trade but never got it
Who had her husband murdered?
Catherine the Great
What country were Catherine the Great and Czar Peter from?
Germany
What country did Catherine the Great try to emanate?
France
Promoted French language and customs
Why did Catherine go to war with the Ottoman Empire?
To get access to a warm water port
Was Frederick the Great a benevolent dictator? Why or Why not?
Yes Built canals and infrastructure Religious tolerance Continued the militarization of society Rumored to be gay
What is the difference between absolute, enlightened, and limited monarch?
Absolute- has complete and unlimited power in government
Enlightened-monarch or dictator with modern or enlightened ideas. Most likely benevolent
Limited/constitutional- Congressional bodies and legislative documents limit the power of the monarch or ruler
Was the age of Enlightenment?
1700S
What is rationalism?
The belief that truth can be arrived at solely by logic and reason
What is natural law?
Some actions will always be immoral, regardless of the attitude of individuals, societies, or governments
Who developed the heliocentric view?
Copernicus
Who invented the telescope?
Galileo
What did Diderot do?
He developed the best encyclopedia of the era. He had help from philosophers like Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Voltaire
What did Hobbes believe in?
Social contracts
Humankind is naturally selfish and wicked and driven by passion
Must be strongly and authoritatively governed
What was John Locke’s philosophy?
People are good and driven by reason
Advocated reason, happiness and liberty
Thought people could govern themselves
What is criminal justice
Laws exist for social order not vengeance
What was Montesquieu’s philosophy?
Separation of powers
Checks and balances
What was Voltaire’s philosophy
Advocated for democracies
Freedom of speech and religion
What was Rousseau’s famous quote
“Man is born free, yet everywhere he is in chains”
What was Rousseau’s philosophy?
Government gets its power from the governed
Everyone is equal, abolish nobility
Who was Mary Wollstonecraft?
Feminist
Women need education to become useful
She wanted equal rights little by little
Who was Mary Astell?
Feminist
Pushed for education and careers
Women were just as rational as men
Demanded immediate rights
Who were some classical musicians during the age of enlightenment?
Mozart, Bach, Handel, Beethoven
What is individualism?
Judge what is right and wrong for yourself
Create your own economic opportunities
Who was Adam Smith
The father of the free market economy
What is Laissez Faire?
Business operates best with little government interference
Opposed mercantilism
Constitutional government
the gov. Power is limited by law
How did the enlightenment inspire Americans
They began to see themselves as not British by the 1700s
The colonies had their own government
Who was Jefferson influenced by when writing the Declaration of Independence
John Locke
Popular sovereignty
Power comes from the people
Federalism
Power shared between the federal and state governments
What was un-enlightened thinking in America?
Slavery
