Mutations 1.6 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What are mutations?

A

Mutations are changes in the DNA that
can result in no protein or an altered
protein being synthesised.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do single gene mutations involve?

A

Single gene mutations involve the
alteration of a DNA nucleotide sequence
as a result of the substitution, insertion or
deletion of nucleotides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three types of nucleotide substitutions?

A

Nucleotide substitutions — missense,
nonsense and splice-site mutations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a missense mutation? What may it result in?

A

Missense mutations result in one amino
acid being changed for another. This may
result in a non-functional protein or have
little effect on the protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a nonsense mutation? What does it result in?

A

Nonsense mutations result in a premature
stop codon being produced which results in
a shorter protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does a splice-site mutation result in?

A

Splice-site mutations result in some introns
being retained and/or some exons not
being included in the mature transcript.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do nucleotide insertions or deletions result in?

A

Nucleotide insertions or deletions result in
frame-shift mutations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does a frame-shift mutation cause?

What does it have a major effect on?

A

Frame-shift mutations cause all of the
codons and all of the amino acids after the
mutation to be changed.

This has a major effect on the structure of the protein
produced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the four types of chromosone structure mutations?

A

Chromosome structure mutations —
duplication, deletion, inversion and
translocation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is duplication?

A

Duplication is where a section of a
chromosome is added from its homologous
partner.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is deletion (chromosone mutations)?

A

Deletion is where a section of a
chromosome is removed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is inversion?

A

Inversion is where a section of
chromosome is reversed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is translocation?

A

Translocation is where a section of a
chromosome is added to a chromosome,
not its homologous partner.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can substantial changes in chromosone mutations do?

A

The substantial changes in chromosome
mutations often make them lethal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is gene duplication important in evolution?

A

Duplication allows potential beneficial
mutations to occur in a duplicated gene
whilst the original gene can still be
expressed to produce its protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly