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Science 10 > MUTATIONS > Flashcards

MUTATIONS Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mutation?

A

change in DNA of an organism & at alter how well the protein can do its job

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2
Q

Gene mutation ?

A

Change in bases

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3
Q

3 gene mutations

A

insertion , deletion, substitution

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4
Q

addition / deletion can cause?

A

FRAMESHIFT

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5
Q

Chromosomal mutations ? 4

A

deletion, translocation, duplication, inversion

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6
Q

mutagens?

A

substances/factors tha cause DNA mutation

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7
Q

carcinogens?

A

mutagens that cause cancer

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8
Q

tumour ?

A

mass of cancer cells

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9
Q

positive mutants

A

increase survavbility

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10
Q

negative mutations

A

decreased surviability

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11
Q

neutral mutations

A

causes change but no affect on surviabulity

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12
Q

Natural Selection?

A

traits of an organism selected for/against by “nature”

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13
Q

Artificial Selection?

A

traits of an organism are selected for/against by humans

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14
Q

genetic engineering ?

A

scientists use technology to manipulate genes

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15
Q

Transgenic organisms

A

genetic info has been changed with insertations of genes from other species

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16
Q

Gene therapy

A

change a genetic disorder in a human by inserting a “healthy” gene

17
Q

Cloning

A

creating identical genetic copies of an organism

18
Q

Restrictive Enzyme

A

used to cut the DNA at specific spots

19
Q

sticky ends

A

sticks to other segments of DNA

20
Q

vector

A

virus that will carry desired gene to the desired location

21
Q

Explain the three types of gene mutations

A

insertation= based added , deletion= base removed , substitution= based replaced by diff base

22
Q

Explain 4 chromosomal mutations

A

Deletion= chromosome segment lost, Translocation= segment from chromosome is transferred to another, Duplication= Segement from 1 chromosome transferred to its homologous chromosome, then giving it a duplicate of some genes , Inversion= Segement of chromosome is inverted

23
Q

cancer

A

happens when several mutations “break” the cell cycle

Science 10 (5 decks)

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