mutations

Question 1

effects of mutations

Answer 1

change in the DNA of a gene

Question 2

helpful?

Answer 2

rarely helpful to humans, instead have a negative or unnoticable effect

Question 3

genetic diversty?

Answer 3

they do provide genetic diversity within a population

Question 4

list the number of types and what they are

Answer 4

three, positive negative and neutral

Question 5

positive mutation

Answer 5

results in enhancing an organisms ability to survive or reproduce

Question 6

examples of positive mutations

Answer 6

a bacterium can mutate in the presence of an antibiotic and become resistant, thus it is able to survive and reproduce

Question 7

negative mutations

Answer 7

an organisms having a decreased chance of survival

Question 8

examples of negative mutations

Answer 8

fruit flies that have curly wings: die because they cannot fly thus cannot reproduce or feed

Question 9

neutral mutation

Answer 9

no effect on the organisms health or chance at survival or ability to reproduce

Question 10

examples of neutral mutations

Answer 10

pigments in flowers may change nut have no effect on the plants ability to survive

Question 11

examples in humans?

Answer 11

albinism
hemophilia
and more

Question 12

can there be good and bad?

Answer 12

a mutation in the hemoglobin resulting in elongated red blood cells
good: immune to malaria
bad: painful; cannot accept oxygen and not a long lifespan

Question 13

how many mutagenic factors?

Answer 13

three, physical chemical and biological

Question 14

what are mutagenic factors

Answer 14

they usually cause the cell to duplicate uncontrollably

Question 15

whats an example of a mutagenic factor?

Answer 15

cancer

Question 16

what are examples of physical mutagenic factors?

Answer 16

uv light
x rays

Question 17

physical mutagenic factors

Answer 17

include energies that can cause changes to nearby substances that harm DNA

Question 18

chemical mutagenic factors

Answer 18

includes substances that act as toxins or poisons

Question 19

examples of chemical mutagenic factors?

Answer 19

tobacco
PCBs

Question 20

biological mutagenic factors

Answer 20

both bacterias and viruses are linked to cancers

Question 21

examples of biological mutagenic factors

Answer 21

hepatitis B and C
AIDS

Question 22

genetic testing

Answer 22

is the analysis of a persons dna to detect potential genetic disorders

Question 23

what is amniocentesis?

Answer 23

a check of the amniotic fluid of the developing fetus

Question 24

what do the scientists look for?

Answer 24

genetic markers on the DNA to see if there are signs of disease

Question 25

How can a simple mutation end up having a major effect on the phenotype of an organism?

Answer 25

if the phenotype is changed as a result of a mutation and the new phenotype is suited to a particular environment, it can lead to a change in a species over time.

Question 26

what are the different types of treatment?

Answer 26

gene therapy: through the use of retroviruses
pharmaceuticals: use of genetically engineered DNA
forensics

Question 27

what is genetic diversity?

Answer 27

Genetic Diversity refers to the range of different inherited traits within a species.

Question 28

Which type of mutation results in the sickle-cell disease phenotype?

Answer 28

non-conservative missense mutations

Question 29

A nonsense mutation is one that:

Answer 29

creates a premature stop codon

Question 30

A silent mutation is highly unlikely to affect protein because:

Answer 30

multiple codons can code for the same amino acid

Question 31

A non-conservative mutation is one in which:

Answer 31

the new amino acid has different biochemical properties than the original