mutation and variation pt 1

Question 1

each of the four evolutionary mechanism, alone or in concert may change

Answer 1

allele frequencies

Question 2

variation among individuals that has a genetic basis and affects phenotype

Answer 2

genetic variation

Question 3

variation among individuals that results from environmental effects on phenotype

Answer 3

environmental variation

Question 4

genetic information is encoded in

Answer 4

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 5

variation among individuals that has genetic basis and effects how environment affects phenotype

Answer 5

genotype-by-environment interaction

Question 6

4 types of nucelotides

Answer 6

adenine
guanine,
cytosine
thymine

Question 7

what is the variable component of the DNA?

Answer 7

the base

Question 8

2 forms of nucleotide bases

Answer 8

purines
pyrimidines

Question 9

purines

Answer 9

adenine
guanine

Question 10

pyrimidines

Answer 10

cytosine
thymine

Question 11

central dogma of molecular biology

Answer 11

DNA makes RNA makes protein

Question 12

triplet nucleotide sequences

Answer 12

codon

Question 13

how many possible combinations (codons) of the 4 bases are there?

Answer 13

64

Question 14

how many amino acids are coded by DNA?

Answer 14

20

Question 15

sequence of a chain of amino acids

Answer 15

primary protein structure

Question 16

sequence of amino acids linked by hydrogen bonds

Answer 16

secondary protein structure

Question 17

attractions of alpha helices and pleated sheets of amino acids

Answer 17

tertiary protein structure

Question 18

protein consisting of more than on amino acid chain

Answer 18

quaternary protein structure

Question 19

bitter flavors are associated with proteins called

Answer 19

TAS2Rs

Question 20

TAS2R 38 gene codes for amino acids that bind to.

Answer 20

PTC, phenylcarbamide

Question 21

homozygous dominant TAS2R 38 means the person can

Answer 21

taste bitter PTC

Question 22

homozygous recessive TAS2R 38 means the person can

Answer 22

not taste bitter PTC

Question 23

changes in the genes of chromosomes of an organism, resulting in the creation of a new character or trait no found in the parental type is

Answer 23

mutation

Question 24

the most basic type of mutation is

Answer 24

point mutation

Question 25

two categories of point mutations

Answer 25

transitons transverstion

Question 26

replacement of purine with purine or pyrimidine with pyrimidine-the most common type of point mutation

Answer 26

transitions

Question 27

replacement of purine with pyrimidine or vice versa- may result in substantial disruption

Answer 27

transversions

Question 28

point mutations that do not result in a change in the amino acid sequence are called

Answer 28

synonymous /silent subsitituions

Question 29

PMs that result in a change in the amino acid sequence are called

Answer 29

non synonymous/replacement substitutions

Question 30

where do synonymous substitutions most commonly result from due to the redundancy in codons that call for amino acids?

Answer 30

3rd base position

Question 31

nonsynonymous substitutions commonly result from point mutations in the

Answer 31

1st or 2nd base postion in a codon

Question 32

UAA UAG and UGA are all

Answer 32

stop codons

Question 33

disease caused by a single point mutations in Beta globin

Answer 33

sickle cell disease

Question 34

why's is the sickle cell allele not eliminated ?

Answer 34

malaria is among the leading causes of death in central Africa, and the heterozygotes for sickle cell allele do not suffer anemia but are much less susceptible to malaria