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Molecular biology > Mutated Genotype > Flashcards

Mutated Genotype Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Central Dogma?

A

Flow of information from to DNA to final protein

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2
Q

How does DNA become a Protein?

A

First DNA is transcribed into RNA. RNA is then processed into amRNA. MRNA is then translated into Protein.

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3
Q

What does RNA have that DNA doesn’t?

A

-Ribonucleic Acid
- Single Nucleobase
- Ribose Sugar
- Uracil GCA
-Single Stranded Sugar

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4
Q

What does DNA have that RNA doesn’t?

A
  • Deoxyribonucleic Acid
  • Base pair
  • Deoxyribose sugar
  • Thymine GCA
  • Double Stranded Sugar’
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5
Q

What does AUG code for?

A

Methionine (Met)

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6
Q

What is Met?

A

A Start Codon

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7
Q

Which Nucleotide 3’s code for Stop Codons?

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

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8
Q

What does UGG code for?

A

Trp

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9
Q

What is the genetic difference between one another?

A

0.5% (15 million differences)

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10
Q

What is a Single a base Substitution?

A

Replacement of a certain nucleotide

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11
Q

Name 3 Single Base Substitutions

A

Silent, Missense, Nonsense

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12
Q

What is Silent Mutation?

A

It does not change the amino acid.

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13
Q

What is a a Missense Mutation?

A

It changes the type of amino acid.

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14
Q

What is a Nonsense Mutation?

A

It changes amino acid to a Stop Codon, which cause massive effect.

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15
Q

What is Insertion?

A

A Nucletide has been inserted into the DNA.

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16
Q

What is Deletion?

A

A Nucleotide has been deleted from the DNA.

17
Q

What does In/Del do?

A

Disrupts reading frame (reading the codes in groups of 3)

18
Q

What is a copy number variant?

A

Nucleotides are either deleted or duplicated in the DNA (ABD or ABCCD)

19
Q

What is the gene dosage and what is its ideal number?

A

Amount of copies of a gene, 2

20
Q

Give an example of a disease caused by a copy number variant.

A

Huntington’s Disease: More than 40 copies of Huntingtin code = + , 35 or less = negative

21
Q

What is a structural variant?

A

Mutation which effects the structure of a chromosome.

22
Q

True or False? Structural Variants can be seen on a Karyotype

A

True

23
Q

True or False? The Bigger the structural variant the lesser the effect

A

False, bigger the change,bigger the effect

24
Q

Types of Structural variants

A

Inversion (rearrangement “flipped around”), duplication/deletion, translocation

Molecular biology (1 decks)

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