Mutacijos Flashcards

1
Q

Mutagenai

A

Fiziniai, cheminiai ir biologiniai veiksniai, sukeliantys organizmu mutacijas

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2
Q

Fiziniai mutagenai

A

Jonizuojancioji spinduliuote
Ultravioletine spindulioute

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3
Q

Kancerogenai

A

Tai veiksniai sukeliantys specializuotoju lasteliu virtima vezinemis

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4
Q

Mutaciju skirstymas

A

Chromosomu skaiciaus pokytis (Genomo)
Chromosomu sandaros pokytis
Genu mutacijs

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4
Q

Cheminiu medziagu, kancerogenu patenka i maista kai…

A

Rukoma mesa
Maista kepant riebaluose aukstoje temperaturoje

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4
Q

Biologiniai mutagenai

A

Bakterijos
Virusai

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5
Q

Chromosomu skaiciaus pokytis (Genomo) mutacija

A

Kai atsiranda viena ar keliosmpapildomos chromosomos, kai ju sumazeja arba kelis kartus padideja bendras lasteleje esanciu chromosomu skaicius

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6
Q

Chromosomu sandaros pokytis

A

Kai dalis chromosomos iskrinta, padvigubeja ar panasiai

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7
Q

Genu mutacijos

A

Kai baltyma koduojancio geno strukturoje vienas nukleotidas iskrinta arba vienas pakeiciamas kitu

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8
Q

Kada atsiranda trecioji chromosoma?

A

Kai homologines chromosomos neissiskiria vykstant mejozei

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9
Q

Poliploidija

A

Chromosomu rinkinio kartotinis padaugejimas individo lasteliu branduoliuose

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10
Q

Albinosams budinga

A

Sviesi oda
balti plaukai
truksta pigmento visose akiu strukturuose
prasta rega (net aklumas)

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11
Q

Albinizmas

A

Pigmentacijos sutrikimas organzime (mutuoja genas slopinantis pigmento melanino sinteze)

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12
Q

Paveldimos mutacijos

A

tevai savo vaikams perduoda tik lytinese lastelese esancia DNR (jeigu jose yra mutaciju ar ligu tai jos bus paveldimos)

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13
Q

Nepaveldimos mutacijos

A

Somatinese lastelese atsiradusios mutacijos, lastelems dalijantis, plinta tuose audiniuose, kuriu lasteles mutavo, todel kitoms kartoms jos neperduodamos

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14
Q

Ivykus mutacijai

A

ivykus mutacijai, lasteles gali pradeti nekontruoliuojamai daugintis:
Gali padideti ju branduoliai
Gali pakisti ju forma
Lasteles nebeatliks savo funkciju, jei pasikeis ju struktura
Is pakitusiu lasteliu gali susidaryti auglys