MUST KNOWW Flashcards
When was the Bolshevik Party established?
In 1903
When did the Tsarist regime collapse?
In February 1917
When did Tsar Nicholas assume power?
1894
What is the proletariat?
Industrial workers, a new lass that emerged as a result of the Industrial revolution
What is the bourgeoisie?
The owners of factories, industries and shops, those who own the means of production
What is dictatorship of the proletariat?
A government that rules on behalf of the working class
What are economic systems in Marx’s view of historical change?
Primitive communism Feudalism Capitalism Socialism Communism
When was the October Revolution?
1917
What was the October Revolution?
A revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917–1923.
Who was guarding the palace at the time the Bolsheviks stormed the palace?
The Woman’s Death Battalion
What caused the October Revolution?
Weakness of the Provisional Government, economic and social problems and continuation of the war
What was Communist rule under the Bolsheviks supposed to be?
Authoritarian, highly-centralised and supplemented by heavy use of terror
When did the Tsar Nicholas II abdicate?
1917
What does Tsar mean?
The title of Russian monarchs
When was Bloody Sunday?
1905, also known as a revolution
Why was the Duma and October Manifesto created?
As as a result of strikes and mutiny led by the peasantry who were angered by the way in which the Tsar’s guards handled the protest at Bloody Sunday
When was the October Manifesto issued?
In October 1905, he promised freedom of speech and a Duma
When was the Fundamental Law passed by Nicholas?
In 1906, this gave the Tsar overall say over the Duma
Who were the Bolsheviks?
A Russian communist party
What was a peasant?
A working class who farmed in rural areas
Where did the name Bolsheviks derive from?
‘Russian Social Democratic Labour Party’
When and why was the Bolsheviks Party?
Founded in 1898 to oppose tsarism and the power of the middle classes
When did the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party split?
In 1903, into the Mensheviks and and Bolsheviks
What did the Bolsheviks believe about the revolution?
They believed it should be organised by a small party elite
What three things did Lenin promise?
Peace
Bread
Land
What was Dual Power?
A situation in which the old Duma (PG) were sharing power with the Petrograd Soviet
Who led the old Duma?
Alexander Kerensky
What was soviet order 1?
Ordered all soldiers to obey the petrograd soviet
When did the Constituency Assembly take place?
November 1918
What was the result of the Constituency Assembly?
Socialist Revolutionaries: 370 deputies
Bolsheviks: 175 deputies
When did the Bolshevik Party rename itself?
In 1918, to the Communist Party
What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk? (1918)
A peace treaty signed by Russia which put an end to Russian involvement in WW1
What are some consequences of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
Russia had to pay 3 billion roubles
Russia lost 1 million sq km of land populated with about 50 million people
Lost Ukraine, where most of its grain came from
What range of political groups did the White opposition include?
Tsarists, liberals, supporters of the provisional government, military leaders disgruntled about the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
When did the Bolsheviks defeat the Whites?
In 1920, secured communist rule over the country
Who were the Whites?
Those opposed to the Bolsheviks during the civil war
How long did the Russian civil war last?
From 1918-21
Why did the Bolsheviks win the civil war?
Reds had the industrialised area of Russia, so could produce munitions and war supplies
Reds had control of railway lines, so could send supplies
The Whites were divided & geographically scattered
Who ruled in Russia from 1894-1917?
Tsar Nicholas II
When did Alexander Kerensky rule?
1917
How long did Vladmir Lenin rule?
From 1917-1924
Who ruled from 1929-1953?
Joseph Stalin
Who ruled from 1953-1964?
Nikita Khrushchev
How long did Leonid Brezhnev rule?
1964-1982
How long did Yuri Andropov rule?
1982-1984
How long did Konstantin Cherneko rule?
1984-1985
Who ruled from 1985-1991?
Mikhail Gorbachev
Who ruled from 1991-1999?
Boris Yeltsin
Who were the Socialist Revolutionaries?
A group committed to democratic socialism who believed in the right of groups to govern themselves
Which groups opposed the Bolshevik Party?
SRs, Mensheviks
Nationalist groups within the Russian Empire
Tsarists supporters
