Must Knows: BIOLOGY

Question 1

It is the study of life; the science of living organisms including its structure, composition, function, and development.

Answer 1

Biology

Question 2

It is the basic structural and functional unit of an organism

Answer 2

Cell

Question 3

What are the 4 major cell components?

Answer 3

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Organelles
Genetic material

Question 4

It separates the cell from its surrounding; serves as a barrier

Answer 4

Plasma membrane

Question 5

A thick fluid filling inside the cell

Answer 5

Cytoplasm

Question 6

These are cellular structures suspended in the cytoplasm performing its unique and specific functions.

Answer 6

Organelles

Question 7

It contains the biological information – the hereditary materials.

Answer 7

Genetic material

Question 8

A type of cell that lacks a true nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles of the eukaryotic cell. It appears simpler in structure.

Answer 8

Prokaryotic cell

Question 9

A type of cell that has true nucleus. It is generally much larger and more complex.

Answer 9

Eukaryotic cell

Question 10

Bacteria and archaea are what type of cell?

Answer 10

Prokaryotic cell

Question 11

Protists, fungi, animal, and plant cells are what type of cell?

Answer 11

Eukaryotic cell

Question 12

It functions as a selective barrier that allows the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to the cell.

Answer 12

Plasma membrane

Question 13

A theory explaining how cell membranes are constructed.
1. Molecules of the cell membrane are arranged in sheet.
2. The mosaic of molecules is fluid, that is, the molecules are able to float around slowly.
3. This model illustrates that molecules of the plasma membrane form a continuous sheet.
4. Chemical attractions are the forces that hold membranes together.

Answer 13

Fluid Mosaic Model

Question 14

Primary structure of the plasma membrane is a double layer of phospholipid molecules.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Part of the phospholipid bilayer that is water-loving

Answer 15

Hydrophilic head

Question 16

Part of the phospholipid bilayer that is water-fearing

Answer 16

Hydrophobic tail

Question 17

These molecules are scattered among the phospholipids to allow membrane to function properly at body temperature

Answer 17

Cholesterol molecules

Question 18

Found in the plasma membrane, helps the cell to maintain balance or homeostasis

Answer 18

Membrane proteins

Question 19

A membrane protein inside the plasma membrane and is also known as integral protein

Answer 19

Intrinsic protein

Question 20

A membrane protein on the peripheral side or the outside of the plasma membrane

Answer 20

Extrinsic protein

Question 21

Cell organelle that contains the DNA – the hereditary material

Answer 21

Nucleus

Question 22

Has double phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the nucleus and has pores for the RNA to move out

Answer 22

Nuclear envelope or nuclear membrane

Question 23

It is where rRNA is transcribed and the subunits of ribosomes are assembled

Answer 23

Nucleolus

Question 24

A part of the nucleus which is distinct during reproduction

Answer 24

Chromosome

Question 25

Involved during cell division in animal cell and functions in production of flagella and cilia but not microtubule

Answer 25

Centrioles

Question 26

A non-membranous structure involved in cell division and coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules in the cell; its general location is defined by the location of the centrioles

Answer 26

Centrosome

Question 27

A cell organelle that is ribosome-studded. It produces proteins.

Answer 27

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 28

A cell organelle that functions for lipid and carbohydrate synthesis as well as drug detoxification

Answer 28

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 29

A non-membranous structure of the cell which makes proteins.

Answer 29

Ribosome

Question 30

A cell organelle responsible for modification and packaging of proteins.

Answer 30

Golgi apparatus

Question 31

It is the cell’s digestive system as it contains hydrolytic enzymes.

Answer 31

Lysosomes

Question 32

A small membranous sacs containing enzyme that detoxify harmful substances that enter the cell.

Answer 32

Peroxisomes

Question 33

The powerhouse of the cells. Has enzymes that catalyze series of oxidation reaction that provide about 95% of cell’s energy supply.

Answer 33

Mitochondria

Question 34

This contains chlorophyll pigments responsible for photosynthesis and is present only in plants and protozoans.

Answer 34

Chloroplast

Question 35

Prominent organelle in older plant cells and is responsible for storage, breakdown of waste products, and hydrolysis of macromolecules

Answer 35

Central vacuole

Question 36

Outer covering of cells which maintains shape and protect it from mechanical damage. It is made up of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and proteins

Answer 36

Cell wall

Question 37

Network of filaments responsible for the structure, transport, and motility of the cell. Includes microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

Answer 37

Cytoskeleton

Question 38

Help in cell movement from within, serves as the contractile force in microvilli and muscle, and squeeze membrane together in phagocytosis and cytokinesis.

Answer 38

Microfilaments

Question 39

This provide structural support in the cell

Answer 39

Intermediate filaments

Question 40

It is involved in flagella and cillia construction and spindle apparatus. It also help in transporting substances to the cells.

Answer 40

Microtubules

Question 41

A cell extension found in the epithelial cells that line the intestines and other areas where absorption is important. It also helps to increase cell’s surface area.

Answer 41

Microvilli

Question 42

A cell extension that function as locomotion organelles.

Answer 42

Cilia and flagella