Must know for test 2 Flashcards
josh's guide to knowing it all
in the equation for KE which has more of an influance on KE
mass or velocity?
Velocity
what is the basic unit of energy?
Joule
what is a joule?
the force of one newton that moves it’s point of application
1 meter in the direction of that force!!
Joule is a term of what? energy work or power?
energy
how much work is done pushing on a 100 kg pt on a 75kg operating table and you can’t get teh damn thing to move?
0
no movemnet no work
What does LASER stand for
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Carbon dioxide laser properties (2)
invisible
marked with a helium-neon aiming beam
what is the Carbon dioxide laser used for
upper airway sx
Nd-YAG laser properties (1)
short wave length allows transmission by fiberoptics
Nd-YAG laser is used for what sx’s
distal tracheobronchial tree and retina sx
KTP laser can be transmited by what?
fiberoptics
KTP laser is used in what sx’s
neurosurgical and
otolarygeal
Argon Laser can be transmitted by what
fiberoptics
Argon laser is used in what sx’s
neurological, retinal, and otolaryngological
with laser wavelengths longer wavelengths= what?
lower freq and lower energy
all start with L
with laser wavelengths shorter wavelengths= what?
higher freq and higher energy
for jake sHorter= Higher and Higher) :
frequancy is inversly proprtional to what??
wavelength
the higher the frequency the smaller the wavelength
what has a higher freguency?
KTP Wave length is 532
or
Nd:YAG wave length 1064
KTP
remember
freq is inversly proportional to wave length
the longer the wavelength the lower freq
which laser is for deep tissue? and why?
Nd-YAG
b/c of near infrared I guess????
what is the only laser that wet tissue can protect pt (like a wet towel)
CO2 laser
which laser is more readily absorbed by dark tissue?
transmitted through clear fluids
tissue penetration 2-6 mm
Nd-YAG
which laser is strongly absorbed by water, and thus by all tissue, pigmented or not. tissue penetration <0.5mm
CO2
which has a higher freq
argon WL=488-515
or
CO2 WL 10,600
argon
b/c freq is inversly proportional to WL, thus the longer the WL the lower (slower the freq), and also the shorter the WL the higher (faster) the freq.
which has a higher freq
KTP WL 532
or
Argon WL 488-515
argon
longer WL= lower freq
shorter WL= higher the freq
the greater the wavelength = the _______ absorption by water
greater
CO2 greatest WL 10,600
CO2 laser properties?
WL 10,600
Longer WL= Low freq= Low energy
Nd-YAG laser properties
WL 2064
sHorter WL= Higher freq= Higher energy
when doing airway sx with a laser what do you want to do with FiO2?
40% or less (preferable 21%)
When doing airway sx with a laser what VAA do you want to avoid? and why?
N2O
supports combustion
when doing airway sx with a laser what must you always have immediately available?
bottle of saline or water
when doing airway sx with a laser what 2 things are important about the OETT tube
use a laser or protected ETT
fill endotracheal cuff with saline or dye
use smallest allowable tube for surgical exposure and ventialation
usually 5.5-6.5
what 3 things are needed for a fire
oxidizer (N2O or O2)
fuel (drapes or ETT)
Ignition source (laser or Bovie)
Treatment of laryngospasms
- jaw thrust (at angle of Ramus-accupressure point)
- Succinylcholine if needed
whats the quanity and unit
m
length
meter
whats the quanity and unit
kg
mass
kilogram
whats the quanity and unit
s
time
second
whats the quanity and unit
A
electric current
ampere
whats the quanity and unit
K
temp
kelvin
whats the quanity and unit
mol
quanity of a substance
mole
whats the quanity and unit
cd
luminosity
candle
what deals with magnitude and direction
vector
what are the characteristics of a vector
displacement
velocity
acceleration
force
what is a sum of all vectors on a given object
fore (net force)
what law and who made it?
an object will remain at rest or in motion indefinitely unless a net force act upon it? (inertia)
Newton’s
law of motion #1
what law and who made it?
force is proportional to a specific mass and an acceleration in a specific direction
Newtons
law of motion #2
(force)
what law and who made it?
for each force exerted on one body, there is an equal, but oppositely directed force on some other body interacting with it
Newtons law
Law of motion #3
what is the standard unit of measurement of force
newton
equation for force?
force= mass x acceleration
Equaion for newton
newton = kg x m / s^2
what is a newton in layman’s terms
the amount of force required to move one kg of an object one meter per second squared
what does little g mean
gravitational constant for earth
what does g=
9.81 ms^2 (m/s/s)
or
32 ft s^2 (ft/s/s)
how do you calculate gravitational force (fw)
fw = g x m
= 9.81 ms^2 (m/s/s) or 32 ft s^2 (ft/s/s) x m
what is the free fall vacume? what are its properties
- weight is the only force acting on the object
- mass of the object does not effect the motion
- shape of the object does not effect the motion
- —-All objects fall at the same rate in a vacuum (galileo)
what is free fall in the atmosphere? what are the properties?
weight is the only force acting on the object
- comparing 2 objects, the higher velocity occurs for hreater weight, lower drag coeff (more streamlined), lower gas density (higher altitude), or smaller area
—- objects do not fall at the same rate through the atmosphere—-
velocity
gas density
frontal area
drag coeff
dynes are measured as (what is there equation)
dynes= gm x cm / s^2
what is magnitude only?
scalar
what is magnitude and direction
vector
force and vector is measured in what?
newtons
gravitational force allows for what?
weight measurements
What is a measure of a given force dispersed over a specific area
pressure
pressure is measured in what
pascals
pressure is inversly proportional to what?
area
pressure is directly proportional to what
force
when pascals is discussed with pressure
1 N/m^2 will equal what
102 gms/m^2
102 gms per square meter (gms/m^2) is a fairly small value so often times kilopascalse are used in the place of pascals!! so
1 N/m^2= 1 pascals so _______ N/m^2 = 1 kilopascal
1000 N/m^2
100 KPa (kilopascals) equals? Atm BAR mmHg Torr cmH2O lb/in^2
Atm- 1 BAR- 1 mmHg- 760 Torr- 760 cmH2O-1020 lb/in^2- 14.7 (just remember 1 atm= 760mmHg= 760 torr= 14.7 lbs/in^2) then memorize the other 2
what is gauge pressure??
the pressure reading of a container of some kind, above and beyond atm pressure
what is absolute pressure?
the combination of atm pressure an dany pressure above atm pressure
equation for pressure?
pressure= force / area
when force is constant and area increases what happens to pressure?
decreases
KE=
1/2 x M x V^2
PE=
M x g x h
weight =
M x g
