Must know Flashcards
rate limiting step and +/- regulators for glycoylsis
PFK-1;
(+)AMP, F-2,6-BP
(-)ATP, citrate
rate limiting step and +/- regulators for gluconeogenesis
F-1,6-BP;
(+)ATP
(-) AMP, F-2,6-BP;
rate limiting step and +/- regulators for TCA cycle
isocitrate dehydrogenase;
(+) ADP
(-) ATP, NADH
rate limiting step and +/- regulators for glycogen synthesis
glycogen synthase
(+) glucose, insulin, epinephrine
(-) glucagon
rate limiting step and +/- regulators for glycogenolysis
glycogen phosphorylase
(+) AMP, epinephrine, glucagon
(-) insulin, ATP
rate limiting step and +/- regulators for HMP shunt
G-6-PD
(+) NADP+
(-) NADPH
rate limiting step and +/- regulators for de novo pyrimidine synthesis
CPS II
(+) none
(-) none
rate limiting step and +/- regulators for de novo purine synthesis
Glutamine-PRPP amidotransferase
(+) none
(-) AMP, IMP, GMP
rate limiting step and +/- regulators for urea cycle
CPS I
(+) N-acetylglutamate
(-) none
rate limiting step and +/- regulators for fatty acid synthesis
acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)
(+) insulin, citrate
(-) glucagon, palmitoyl-CoA
rate limiting step and +/- regulators for fatty acid oxidation
carnitine acyltransferase I
(+) none
(-) Malonl-CoA
rate limiting step and +/- regulators for ketogenesis
HMG-CoA synthase
(+) none
(-) none
rate limiting step and +/- regulators for cholesterol synthesis
HMG-CoA reductase
(+) insulin, thyroxine
(-) glucagon, cholesterol
what are the irreversible enzymes of gluconeogenesis? and where are they located?
pyruvate carboxylase=>Mt (pyruvate-> oxaloacetate ==> requires biotin, ATP, activated by acetyl-CoA
PEP carboxykinase=>cytosol (oxaloacetate->phosphoenolpyruvate) ==> requires GTP
F-1,6-BP=> cytosol (F-1,6-BP->F-6-P)
G-6-P=> ER (glucose-6-P-> glucose)
