Mussolini Flashcards
Fascism
no general or specific definition, anti-communist, extreme right wing, created to stop the spread of communism
Il Duce
the Leader
Mussolini backgrounds
- Father was socialist
=> son socialist - “man of people”
- aggressive when young
What made him switch?
Writer in Avanti - socialist newspaper
Got fired after he supported Italy joining the war bc socialist believe that war = capitalism
Rise to power
Italy in a mess, alot of different parties.
He created a fasci organization
Fasces symbol
Bundle of wooden rods with an axe tied in
Bird symbol
Phoenix
Political conditions
Constitution lack power
King Emmanuel III is weak
Government can’t handle chaos
National problems before WW1
2 Italy:
- Legal Italy: northern, the king and the burgeosies
- Real Italy: southern, peasants, working class
Gabriele D’Anunzio
- A poet with the desire to capture Fiume
- Seen as hero during war
- kind of partially invented fascim
Emmanuel III
King of Italy, weak and don’t know how to rule
National problems after WW1
National resentment
Italy gaining nothing from 14 Points
Government being blame for everything (losing, incapability)
Socialist blame for not supporting war
Why didn’t the socialists have control power even though they take up majority of seats in Constitution?
- Refuse to have a revolution
- Lack leadership
- Torn between bullet(violence) and ballots(modernize)
- Later on face Squadristi
Economic challenges
Tourism decrease
Inflation
owed Allies
Unemployment
Social challenges
Soldiers trying to adapt back to life
Spread of communism
Workers seized factories
Bieno Rosso - The Red Years
Two years period of internal conflict in Italy mainly by the Black Shirts militia with the hope to prevent communism spread to Italy, later resulted in the March on Rome
March on Rome
Mussolini’s desire to reglorify Italy, like the Roman Empire
Violent uprising against the government
Resulting in Mussolini came to power
Mussolini’s rise to power
The government yielding rights to all kinds and parties and Mussolini’s party popularity rise, he led his military group (Black Shirts) to take controls over regions
King see M. influence and power, give emergency power (Prime Minister)
Band of Combat
an organization in which Mussolini promised to help veterans who came back from WW1
Squadristi
Local police formed by M.
Government can’t control this group
OVRA
Secret Police
Acerbo Law
Party with most votes gets 2/3 seats
How did Mussolini win the election?
Rigged, violence, threats, bribery
Matteoti
The socialist who spoke against Mussolini, got assassinated
