Muslim Opposition: (Saladin, 1169 - 92) Consolidation of Saladin's power in Egypt and Syria, 1169-84 Flashcards
When was Saladin appointed vizier of Egypt?
1169
When did Nur ad-Din die?
1174
What was the issue in Saladin legitimizing his authority as vizier of Egypt?
his authority came from the Abbasid caliph al-Mustadi, based in Baghdad, not the Fatamid caliph in Cairo, al-Adil
How did Saladin legitimise his authority as vizier of Egypt?
when al-Adil became ill in August 1171 and it became apparent he’d soon die, he decided to have the Sunni Abbasid caliph proclaimed as the caliph of Egypt in September 1171 - this marked the end of the Fatamid dynasty
How did Saladin get the support of the Egyptians?
cancelled the unpopular trading tax called the mukus in Fustat and Cairo
What image did Saladin try to construct as vizier of Egypt?
an image of a leader who’d look after the Egyptians rather than simply use the country for his own ends
Who did Nur ad-Din give Aleppo to? (Syria)
Al-Salih
In Jazira, who was Mosul inherited by?
Nur ad-Din’s nephew, Said ad-Din
What did Saladin’s aim to be the most powerful ruler in the Islamic Near East involve and how long did it take him? (3)
over 10 years
- the reconstruction of Nur ad-Din’s territories under one leader through force and diplomacy
- the legitimization of Saladin’s authority outside Egypt through negotiation with the Abbasid caliph
- the maintenance of loyalty to his predecessor’s claims through a slow acquisition of power, rather than a full-blown offensive campaign into the territories of Damascus, Aleppo and Mosul
What was Stage 1 of Saladin’s conquest and how difficult was it?
Damascus
Easy
When did Saladin march peacefully into Damascus and what occupied the other leaders?
28 October 1174
al-Salih was in Aleppo
Said ad-Din was in Mosul
How did Saladin strengthen his claim on Damascus?
through his marriage to Nur ad-Din’s widow in late 1176 in Damascus
Why was the acquisition of Aleppo more difficult for Saladin?
he had to take it by force from a legitimate heir
How long did it take Saladin to acquire Aleppo and why?
Saladin to acquire Aleppo and why?
Nearly 9 years
- It had a strong leader
- an alliance between Aleppo and Mosul against him
- a struggle to get the Abbasid caliph of Baghadad to support him
When did Aleppo eventually submit?
11 June 1183
What would Mosul give Saladin control of?
the Jazira region of northern Iraq
What happened between Izz al-Din and Saladin in February 1186?
they made permanent peace:
- Izz al-Din accepted the overlordship of Saladin
- peace treaty in March
How did Saladin legitimize his control of his newly acquired territories?
encouraged the Abbasid caliph of Baghdad , al-Mustadi to formally invest him as the city’s rulers
Up until when was Saladin largely preoccupied with his attempt to bring Muslim Syria and the Jazira under his contrl?
1184
Saladin took a series of tentative steps between 1170 and 1184 to minimize the threat from the Franks. When did he launch a series of offensives into the kingdom of Jerusalem? (4)
1170
1179
1182
1183
Between 1170 and 1184 what Frankish territory did Saladin acquire?
some small towns including:
Gaza
Aila Aqaba
Buria
What was Saladin’s most notable setback against eh Franks?
25 November 1177 at Mont Gisard - he’s planned a raid on Ascalon but was surprised and defeated by the Franks, losing 1,000 men and 750 troops seriously wounded
What’s an example of Saladin’s failure against the Franks in 1183?
while able to plunder Galilee, Saladin failed to bring the Franks out to a decisive battle and eventually withdrew in October 1183
When did Saladin makes truces with the Franks?(2)
1180
1185
