Muslim Beliefs Flashcards
six articles of faith
six key beliefs for sunni muslims
usual ad-din
the ‘five roots’ are principles shi’a muslims believe
tawhid
belief in oneness of God
adalat
belief allah is just
surah
chapter in qur’an
hadith
historical accounts of the life and teachings of the prophet muhammad
akhirah
muslim term for ‘afterlife’
jannah
heaven
jahannam
hell
predestination
belief that allah is in control of the universe and already knows whether people will go to heaven/hell
risalah
belief that the prophets are the true messengers of allah
what are the six articles of faith?
- Tawhid
- Belief in the Angels
- Belief in the Holy Books
- Belief in the Prophets
- Belief in the Day of Judgement
- Belief in Pre-Destination
acronym: they are helping people develop purpose
what does the belief in angels mean?
believe Jibril delivered Allahs messages
who’s Ibrahim, Musa & Isa?
prophets Abraham, Moses & Jesus
-> muslims can look to Torah and Bible for some guidance
what are the 5 roots of faith (Usul al-Din)?
- Tawhid
- Adalat
- Nubuwah
- Imamah
- Qiyamah / Ma’ad
acronym: tiTANIQ 🚢
Qiyamah / Ma’ad
belief in resurrection, life after death & the day of judgement
Imamah
belief and trust in the imamate (the 12 imams that were chosen by Allah to succeed the prophet)
Nubuwah
belief in all prophets
quote about belief in tawhid
“there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger.” (The Shahadah)
transcendent
beyond our understanding
quote about allah being transcendent
“’there is none like him’” (Surah 112:4)
Al-Qadeer
all powerful
Al-Alim
all knowing
Al-Rahman
the most beneficent (good)
Al-Rahim
most forgiving
Al-Adl
completely just
Al-Hakam
the judge
The Angel Jibril
-‘spirit of holiness’
-mentioned in Qur’an & Hadith
-seen as Allah’s most trusted messenger
-Night of Power: revealed piece of Qur’an to Muhammad
-including Five Pillars
-present on judgement day
The Angel Mika’il
-helped Muhammad & Battle of Badr
-present on judgement day
what do angels do on muslims shoulders?
-right = collects good deeds
-left = collects bad deeds
what does israfil do?
blows trumpet on judgement day
what does Nakir and Munkar do?
ask soul 3 questions:
-who is your lord?
-what is your religion?
-who is your prophet?
6 funeral rituals
-body washed
-body wrapped in white cloth
-body buried
-body laid facing Mecca
-earth above grave raised
-grave unmarked/simple
why is the body washed (funeral ritual)?
made clean before standing in front of Allah for judgement
why is body wrapped in white cloth (funeral ritual)?
represents purity & equality as all buried in same clothing
why is body buried (funeral ritual)?
we are made from earth, so should return to earth
why is body laid facing Mecca (funeral ritual)?
even after death, facing ‘house of Allah’
why is earth above grave raised (funeral ritual)?
so people don’t walk on it by accident
why is grave unmarked/simple (funeral ritual)?
not place of worship, treated equally
what happens after death?
-angel of death takes soul from body
-munkar & nakir ask 3 questions:
->correctly = soul move into nice sleep
->incorrectly = soul will feel fear
-soul enters state of waiting for Judgement Day
What will happen at end of world?
-Israfil blows trumpet, blinding light earth destroyed 🎺
-Messiah come to earth & fight fake prophets ⚔️
-Heaven created ☁️
-After 40 days, trumpet blown again 🎺
-everybody who has ever lived, resurrected by Allah 🧍🧍♀️🧍♂️
-> body & soul reuniting 🧍♀️+ 👻
-each person handed ‘book of life’ 📖
-Allah judges them 👨⚖️
-Allah sort souls by commanding to cross Sirat Bridge (built over Jahhanam) 🌉
-good = cross bridge ☁️
-bad = fall to hell🔥
niyyah
intentions of actions
quote about jahannam (hell)
‘as to those who reject faith… their wish will be to get out of the fire, but never will they get out’ (Qur’an 5:36-37)
quote about predestination
“only what God has decreed will happen to us” (Qur’an 9:51)
Al-Qadr
belief in afterlife
Rasul & Nabi
2 types of prophets, all start with nabi whilst rasul receive direct teachings for humanity
The Prophet Muhammad
-visited by Angel Jibril (Night of Power)
-words from Jibril passed on to form Qur’an
-Muhammad led followers out of Mecca
-Muhammad became spiritual & political leader of Medina
Isra and Mi’raj
isra:
-angel jibril came to muhammad with a ‘buraq’
-buraq stopped in jerusalem
-Muhammad led by Jibril to Temple mount
-led all prophets in prayer
Mi’raj:
-walked up heaven in gold and silver stairs
which role did Muhammad give to Bilal
The First Muezzin
quote about helping people
“assist any person oppressed whether muslim or non-muslim” (the hadith)
quote about greater (inner) jihad
“the greatest jihad is to battle your own soul” (the hadith)
what do some Shi’a muslims believe about the 12th Imam?
The twelfth imam, however, has been kept alive by God and is hidden somewhere on Earth. Shi’a Muslims believe the twelfth imam will one day make himself known and bring equality to all.
what do shi’a muslims believe about who had the right to succeed the prophet muhammad?
Ali was the Prophet Muhammad’s rightful successor. This is because he was related by blood to the Prophet
what happened after Ali’s death (shi’a islam)
shi’a muslims led by 12 imams
clear evidence Qur’an is the word of Allah
-muhammad couldn’t read/write, so he could not have faked his words
-many of wealthy, educated people wouldn’t have benefitted from helping muhammad
-way allah creates universe similar to big bang theory
not clear evidence the Qur’an is the word of Allah
-impossible to prove the words have not been changed
-don’t believe in angels & no proof they exist
-events don’t match with modern day science e.g Adam & Eve
other holy books
Scrolls of Abraham - how to worship / behave properly
The psalms - prayers
what was Muhammad knows as and why?
Seal - Allahs final messanger
quote about pre-destination?
“Only what God has decreed will happen to us” (Surah 9:51)
quote about Allah being merciful?
‘the lord of mercy’ (Surah 57:4)
quote about Allah rewarding good deeds
‘god rewards good deeds, and knows everything’ (Surah 2:138)
quote about Allah being all powerful?
“all power belongs to God” (Surah 2:165)
quote about angels on each shoulder
“Each person has angels before him and behind, watching over him by God’s command” (Surah 13:11)
quote about the importance of prayer?
“Call on me and I will answer you” (Surah 40:60)
