Muskuskeletal system

Question 1

What are the 3 types of joints? give an example of each

Answer 1

Ball and Socket: shoulder and hip
Hinge: knee and elbow
Pivot: neck and elbow

Question 2

In a long bone, describe where you would find spongy and compact bone

Answer 2

Spongy bone: at the end of the long bone (Epiphysis)
Compact bone: under spongy tissue called periosteum

Question 3

What to hormones regulate blood calcium levels? which gland secrete them?

Answer 3

Parathyroid: Parathyroid gland
Calcitonin: Thyroid gland

Question 4

Name the five functions of the skeletal system. which two are accomplished by bone marrow?

Answer 4

Support: Framework
Protection: skull protects the brain, rib cage protects lungs and heart
Storage: calcium, phosphate, yellow bone marrow stores fat
Manufacturing: hematpoiesis in red bone marrow
Movement: skeleton muscles attached to bones by tendons

Question 5

Review compact bone structure

Answer 5

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Ds62ZIkTLzu4&psig=AOvVaw31AXuKG5jQy8TPWXg1hA-C&ust=1670897262525000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjRxqFwoTCPi75sH_8vsCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAI

Question 6

Name the five sections of the vertebral column which way do they curve?

Answer 6

Cervical Vert: posterior
Thoracic Vert: concave Anterior
Lumbar Vert: Posterior
Sacrum: posterior
Coccyx: concave anterior

Question 7

Describe two differences in an infants bones and adults bones

Answer 7

1. Adults have 206 bones and infants have 300 bones
2. Adult bones are completely hardened and infants bones are still growing

Question 8

Describe the healing of a bone using the words callus and hematoma

Answer 8

Hematoma forms -> callus forms -> Callus ossifies -> compact bone forms

Question 9

What thin layer covers the end of a long bone

Answer 9

Articular cartilage

Question 10

What are the types of fractures and what do they look like

Image:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.clevelandclinic.org%2Fhealth%2Fdiseases%2F15241-bone-fractures&psig=AOvVaw2csqPi7qYbsOY4tugnMhy7&ust=1670899293683000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjRxqFwoTCLDNy4mH8_sCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

Answer 10

Comminuted- bone breaks into several fragments
Oblique- A break that is at an angle to the bone
Transverse- run horizontally perpendicular to the bone
Spiral- fracture twists around the bone
Compound- The skin is pierced by the bone

Question 11

Describe how osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together to remodel bone

Answer 11

Osteoclasts break phone down when they sent stress or strain, osteoblasts then build new bone

Question 12

One standing on your toes what types of joints are involved?

Answer 12

Hinge joints- toes and ankle

Question 13

Name the portions of a long bone

Answer 13

Epiphysis- spongy bone epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
Compact bone
Diaphysis- marrow

Question 14

What are the two major sections of the skeleton? Which one has more bones?

Answer 14

Axial skeleton- skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae,
Appendicular skeleton- pectoral and pelvic girdles, bones of the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulders

Question 15

In the process of BLANK, cartilage incorporate some minerals such as BLANK to Harden into bone

Answer 15

in the process of ossification cartilage incorporate some minerals such as calcium to harden into bone

Question 16

What is the purpose of a joint capsule filled with fluid?

Answer 16

The cells in this membrane secretes synovial fluid that provides lubrication to reduce friction between the bones of the joint.

Question 17

The humerus would be classified as what shape

Answer 17

Long bone

Question 18

Describe the functions of the organic and in organic portions of the bone?

Answer 18

The organic component of the bone matrix helps resist tension whereas the inorganic component helps resist compression

Question 19

Pediatricians are often particularly concerned about fractures that cross the epiphyseal plate explain why.

Answer 19

This is because The epiphyseal plate is where bone growth occurs and is the last to Harden and children, injury to this plate can affect the growth of the bone

Question 20

BLANK Connect muscle to bone and BLANK Connect bone to bone

Answer 20

Tendons connect muscle to bone and ligaments connect bone to bone

Question 21

What are the five types of bones and examples

Answer 21

Irregular: mandible, coccyx, vertebrae
Short: tarsals, carpals
Long: femur, humerus
Flat: sternum, ribs
Sesamoid bones form within a tendon: patella

Question 22

Name the 4 functions of the muscular system

Answer 22

Generate heat
Maintain posture
Contract producing movement
Stabilize joints

Question 23

The brachioradialis muscle is on the forearm. It attaches to the humerus and the radius. Which attachment is the insertion and which is the origin.

Answer 23

The muscles origin is the humerus and the insertion is the radius. This is because the muscle pulls the radius to create contraction

Question 24

Muscles move by BLANK never BLANK

Answer 24

Muscles move by pulling never pushing