Muskuskeletal system Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are the 3 types of joints? give an example of each
Ball and Socket: shoulder and hip
Hinge: knee and elbow
Pivot: neck and elbow
In a long bone, describe where you would find spongy and compact bone
Spongy bone: at the end of the long bone (Epiphysis)
Compact bone: under spongy tissue called periosteum
What to hormones regulate blood calcium levels? which gland secrete them?
Parathyroid: Parathyroid gland
Calcitonin: Thyroid gland
Name the five functions of the skeletal system. which two are accomplished by bone marrow?
Support: Framework
Protection: skull protects the brain, rib cage protects lungs and heart
Storage: calcium, phosphate, yellow bone marrow stores fat
Manufacturing: hematpoiesis in red bone marrow
Movement: skeleton muscles attached to bones by tendons
Review compact bone structure
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Ds62ZIkTLzu4&psig=AOvVaw31AXuKG5jQy8TPWXg1hA-C&ust=1670897262525000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjRxqFwoTCPi75sH_8vsCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAI
Name the five sections of the vertebral column which way do they curve?
Cervical Vert: posterior
Thoracic Vert: concave Anterior
Lumbar Vert: Posterior
Sacrum: posterior
Coccyx: concave anterior
Describe two differences in an infants bones and adults bones
- Adults have 206 bones and infants have 300 bones
- Adult bones are completely hardened and infants bones are still growing
Describe the healing of a bone using the words callus and hematoma
Hematoma forms -> callus forms -> Callus ossifies -> compact bone forms
What thin layer covers the end of a long bone
Articular cartilage
What are the types of fractures and what do they look like
Image:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.clevelandclinic.org%2Fhealth%2Fdiseases%2F15241-bone-fractures&psig=AOvVaw2csqPi7qYbsOY4tugnMhy7&ust=1670899293683000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjRxqFwoTCLDNy4mH8_sCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
Comminuted- bone breaks into several fragments
Oblique- A break that is at an angle to the bone
Transverse- run horizontally perpendicular to the bone
Spiral- fracture twists around the bone
Compound- The skin is pierced by the bone
Describe how osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together to remodel bone
Osteoclasts break phone down when they sent stress or strain, osteoblasts then build new bone
One standing on your toes what types of joints are involved?
Hinge joints- toes and ankle
Name the portions of a long bone
Epiphysis- spongy bone epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
Compact bone
Diaphysis- marrow
What are the two major sections of the skeleton? Which one has more bones?
Axial skeleton- skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae,
Appendicular skeleton- pectoral and pelvic girdles, bones of the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulders
In the process of BLANK, cartilage incorporate some minerals such as BLANK to Harden into bone
in the process of ossification cartilage incorporate some minerals such as calcium to harden into bone
What is the purpose of a joint capsule filled with fluid?
The cells in this membrane secretes synovial fluid that provides lubrication to reduce friction between the bones of the joint.
The humerus would be classified as what shape
Long bone
Describe the functions of the organic and in organic portions of the bone?
The organic component of the bone matrix helps resist tension whereas the inorganic component helps resist compression
Pediatricians are often particularly concerned about fractures that cross the epiphyseal plate explain why.
This is because The epiphyseal plate is where bone growth occurs and is the last to Harden and children, injury to this plate can affect the growth of the bone
BLANK Connect muscle to bone and BLANK Connect bone to bone
Tendons connect muscle to bone and ligaments connect bone to bone
What are the five types of bones and examples
Irregular: mandible, coccyx, vertebrae
Short: tarsals, carpals
Long: femur, humerus
Flat: sternum, ribs
Sesamoid bones form within a tendon: patella
Name the 4 functions of the muscular system
Generate heat
Maintain posture
Contract producing movement
Stabilize joints
The brachioradialis muscle is on the forearm. It attaches to the humerus and the radius. Which attachment is the insertion and which is the origin.
The muscles origin is the humerus and the insertion is the radius. This is because the muscle pulls the radius to create contraction
Muscles move by BLANK never BLANK
Muscles move by pulling never pushing
