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Endocrine System > Muskuloskeletal System and Dermatology > Flashcards

Muskuloskeletal System and Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Bone Densitometry
“Dual-energy Xray Absorptiometry” (DEXA)

A

Non-invasive
For: Osteoporosis
Pre: Ask for LMP

Discontinue Calcium Supplements
(48 hours prior to procedure)

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2
Q

Insertion of an electronically charged needle to check for muscle activity

A

Electromyography

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3
Q

Pre-procedure for electromyography

A

Get consent
Inform: uncomfortable procedure
Hold stimulants for 2-3 hours prior to procedure

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4
Q

(True of False): Expect bruising in electromyography

A

True

(Provide cold and warm compress post procedure)

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5
Q

Bone-bone

A

Joints

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6
Q

In between bones

A

Ligaments

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7
Q

Bone to Muscle

A

Tendons

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8
Q

Increase risk to fracture?

A

Steroid use (⬇️ Ca Absorption)
Alcohol intake
Endocrine problem (Cushing’s)
Calcium intake
Family history

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9
Q

Overstretching of tendons

A

Strain

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10
Q

Overstretching of ligaments

A

Sprain

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11
Q

Break in continuity of bone

A

Fracture

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12
Q

S/Sx of Fracture

A

(SPACED)

Soft tissue edema
Pain: sharp and continuous
Abnormal movement
Crepitus: grating sound
Ecchymosis: hematoma/discoloration
Deformity: obvious

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13
Q

(True or False): In fracture management, immobilizers are worn at all times and must be well-fitted, not snug.

A

True

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14
Q

Management of Sprain and Strain

A

(RICE)

Rest/immobilize
Ice first 24hours (10-20mins)
Compression
Elevate and extend

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15
Q

Broken pieces of bones are attached

A

Fixation

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16
Q

Realignment of bone

A

Reduction

Types:
A) open reduction - surgery
B) closed reduction - manual

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17
Q

Build up of pressure that can’t expand

A

Compartment Syndrome

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18
Q

Surgical opening of limb to release pressure

A

Fasciotomy

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19
Q

Neurovascular Compromise (NVC)

A

(5Ps and 2Cs) REPORT!

Pain (upon extension, unrelieved by
analgesics, “deep,throbbing,
unrelenting”)
Paresthesia (INITIAL SIGN of NVC)
“Numbness, tingling, pins and
needles, prickling, crawling”)
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paralysis
Phantom (can feel sensation in area
not touched)

Cool to touch
Cyanosis

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20
Q

Gypsum crystal

A

Plaster of paris

21
Q

Heavy, cheap

A

Plaster of paris

22
Q

Polyurethane (color varies)

A

Fiberglass or Synthetic

23
Q

Light and expensive

A

Fiberglass or Synthetic

24
Q

20-30mins

A

Fiberglass

25
Q

24-72 hours

A

Plaster of Paris

26
Q

Exercise for people with cast

A

Isometric exercise
(contraction of a group of muscles)

27
Q

Can lead to muscle atrophy

A

Disuse syndrome
(Isometric exercise)

28
Q

Compression of duodenum

A

Cast Syndrome

29
Q

S/sx of Cast Syndrome

A

(3As)

Abdominal pain
Absent bowel sounds
Abdominal distention

30
Q

Maintain a straight line of pull

A

Traction

31
Q

Early S/sx of Fat embolism

A

REPORT!

Altered LOC
Restlessness

32
Q

Due to thrombus embolism

A

Pulmonary Embolism

33
Q

S/Sx of Pulmonary Embolism

A

Respiratory S/Sx

Cough,
Tachypnea,
tachycardia,
Pain in chest, unilateral

34
Q

Hallmark sign:
PULMONARY EMBOLISM

A

Petechial rash

35
Q

> 6 months fusion

A

Delayed fusion

36
Q

Didn’t fuse

A

Non-union

37
Q

Fused to another

A

Mal-union

38
Q

Decreased supply of blood - low 02, low perfusion, = necrosis

Management?

A

Avascular necrosis

Mgt: AMPUTATION

39
Q

Infection of bones? Management?

A

Osteomyelitis
Mgt: ANTIBIOTICS

40
Q

Skin traction (indication, anchored, weight)

A

Children, short-term
Soft tissue (intact skin)
5-7 lbs

41
Q

Skeletal traction (indication, anchored, weight)

A

Adult, long-term
Hard tissue (non-intact skin)
25-40 lbs

42
Q

Higher risk for infection (traction)

A

Skeletal traction

43
Q

Priority: Skin traction

A

Skin care q shift

44
Q

Priority: Skeletal traction

A

Pin site care q shift

45
Q

Bryant’s traction, Russel’s traction

A

Skin traction

46
Q

Halo fixation device, crutchfield tong, BST, 90-90 degree traction

A

Skeletal traction

47
Q

Priority: Buck’s extension and Russel’s traction

A

1) NVC
2) Foot drop (foot plate/board)

48
Q

Pin site care

A

Clean inner to outer
Report sign of infection (redness,
swelling, pus formation, fever)
CHLORHEXIDINE
HALF STRENGTH HYDROGEN
PEROXIDE

Endocrine System (2 decks)

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