Musk

Question 1

Blood test - ESR

Answer 1

It’s used to check for inflammation in the body

Question 2

C reactive protein, Ca, Phos

Answer 2

Is a protein in the blood that indicates inflammation

Question 3

Bone density test

Answer 3

It’s a painless, noninvasive procedure that uses X-rays or other imaging techniques. Purpose Diagnoses osteoporosis and osteopenia, Determines your risk of fracture, Monitors bone loss over time, and Helps determine the effectiveness of treatment.

Question 4

Electromyography (EMG)

Answer 4

Measures muscle response or electrical activity in response to a nerve’s stimulation of the muscle.

Question 5

Bone scan

Answer 5

Scintigraphy, is a painless radiology procedure that uses a small amount of radioactive material to create an image of your bones. It can help diagnose bone conditions such as cancer, infections, fractures, and arthritis.

Question 6

Arthrocentesis

Answer 6

Is a procedure where a doctor uses a needle to take fluid out of a joint.

Question 7

Arthroscopy

Answer 7

Is a procedure that uses a fiber-optic camera to diagnose and treat joint problems.

Question 8

CRP Normal level

Answer 8

0.5 - 3.0 mg/L

Question 9

CPR slightly elevated

Answer 9

3-10 mg/L
CPR rise with age, and women tend to have higher. Causes of slightly elevated are mild inflammation, and conditions like
- Diabetes
- Periodontitis
- Obesity
- Pregnancy

Question 10

CPR moderately elevated

Answer 10

10-100 mg/L
- Cancers
- Rheumatoid
- Crohn’s disease

Question 11

CPR markedly elevated

Answer 11

<100 mg/L
Major trauma
ACUTE BACTERIAL INFECTION

Question 12

Hypertrophy

Answer 12

Increased size of the muscle cell when demand is increased

Question 13

Atrophy

Answer 13

Decrease in muscle cell size when the muscle is not used

Question 14

Disuse Atrophy

Answer 14

Associated with immobility and chronic illness

Question 15

Tetany

Answer 15

Increased irritability

Question 16

Soft tissue trauma: Contusion

Answer 16

Simplest musculoskeletal injury.
- Bleeding into soft tissue resulting from blunt force
- Significant bleeding can cause a hematoma
- Swelling and discolouration

Question 17

Soft tissue trauma - Sprain

Answer 17

A sprain is a ligament injury caused by a twisting motion, overstitching or tear.

Question 18

Grades of sprains

Answer 18

Grade I - Mild bleeding and inflammation
Grade II - Severe stretching and some tearing and inflammation and hematoma
Grade III - Complete tearing of ligament
Grade IV - Bony attachment of ligament broken away

Question 19

Truma strain

Answer 19

• A strain is a microscopic tear in the muscle or tendon
• Sudden, forced motion causing the muscle to become stretched beyond its normal capacity
• Often caused by inappropriate lifting or sudden acceleration deceleration (Motor vehicle crash)
• May cause bleeding into the tissues
• Local muscle damage
• Can also involve the tendons

Question 20

Muscle tears

Answer 20

Occur with overexertion/over-stressing
Classified by degrees
- First (small)
- Second (Large incomplete tear)
- Third (Complete tear)

Question 21

Trauma of ligaments & tendons: Avulsion

Answer 21

Complete separation of a tendon or ligament from its bony attachment

Question 22

Trauma of ligaments & tendons: Subluxation

Answer 22

Partially out of the joint

Question 23

Dislocation

Answer 23

• Separation of two bones at a joint.
• Loss of contact between articulating surface
• Results in damage to soft tissue, ligaments, nerves and blood vessels.
  S&S
• Pain
• Swelling
• Bruising
• Instability of the joint
• Loss of ROM
• Deformed look

Question 24

Soft tissue trauma
Diagnostic test

Answer 24

History and assessment
X-ray (To rule out fracture)
MRI

Question 25

Fractures

Answer 25

A break in the continuity of bone
Causes: Trauma, or secondary to stress or disease
- Direct blow
- Crushing force ( compression)
- Sudden twisting motions (torsion)
- Severe muscle contraction
- Disease (pathologic fracture)

Question 26

Path of a fracture

Answer 26

• When a bone breaks bleeding occurs from the blood vessels in the bone.
• Hematoma or clot forms in the medullary cavity, under the periosteum and between the ends of the bone fragments
• Necrosis occurs at the ends of bone fragments
• Inflammatory response develops