Musical periods

Question 1

What was the musical period timelines?

Answer 1

Baroque period was 1600-1750.
Classical period was from 1750-early 1820s
Romantic period was from 1810-1900
Late romantic period was from 1860-1920
20th century music was from 1900-2000

Question 2

Name all of the composers dates

Answer 2

Bach : 1685-1750
Mozart: 1756-1791
Chaminade: 1857-1944
ravel: 1875-1937
Debussy: 1862-1918

Question 3

Describe the Baroque period

Answer 3

Baroque period was mostly ornamentation, counterpoint/polyphony, contrast , a distinct bass line (imitation between voices, sequences, often based on circle of 5ths and hemiola rhythm, ornamentation and embellishment particularly at cadence points)

Question 4

Describe the classical period

Answer 4

clear structure and form e.g sonata form, homophonic texture (melody + accompanist ), dynamic range, (Short, balanced phrases (antecedent and consequent, or question and answer) Steady (though not rigid) pulse.
Clearly articulated sound, with many detached notes and short slurs, ornamentation particularly at cadence points)

Question 5

Describe the romantic period and the late romantic period

Answer 5

romantic period was characterized by emotional expression, expanded harmonic language, virtuosity, rubato,. Late romantic period was characterized through expanded tonality and chromaticism, extreme emotionalism, nationalism, larger forms and virtuosity.

Question 6

describe the 20th century + impressionism

Answer 6

20th-century music saw a departure from the traditional harmonic and structural rules that had dominated earlier periods. Composers experimented with new sounds, techniques, and approaches to music, which led to a variety of musical styles, including Impressionism.
Characteristics of Impressionist music:
Ambiguous Tonality and Harmony
Tone Color (Timbre): creating different colors of sound
Fluidity and Lack of Defined Rhythms:

Question 7

describe the sonata form

Answer 7

Exposition: Introduces the main musical themes, usually in two contrasting key areas (home key and a different key, usually dominant key or relative major/minor). It sets up the tonal contrast that will be developed later.

Development: Takes the themes from the exposition and manipulates them through key changes, fragmentation, or rhythmic variation. This section builds tension and explores different musical ideas.

Recapitulation: Brings back the themes from the exposition, but this time both themes are presented in the home key, resolving the tension from the development and providing closure

Question 8

describe the minuet and trio form

Answer 8

Minuet: The first section (A) is a graceful, dance-like movement in 3/4 time, often in binary form with each part repeated. It presents the main theme.

Trio: The second section (B) contrasts the minuet with a lighter texture, softer dynamics, and sometimes a different key. Like the minuet, it’s usually in binary form with repeats.

Return of Minuet: After the trio, the minuet comes back (without repeats), providing symmetry and closure in an ABA structure.

Question 9

List contemporaries of all the composers

Answer 9

Bachs contemporaries: Scarlatti, Handel, telemann,
Mozart contemporaries: Haydn, (Christian) Bach, Christoph Willibald Gluck, and Ludwig van Beethoven.
Chaminades contemporaries: Moszkowski, and Rachmaninoff, Brahms, Liszt, faure
Ravel’s contemporaries: French: Claude Debussy, Gabriel Fauré, Camille Saint-Saëns, Erik Satie
Other: Béla Bartók, Frederick Delius, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky
Debussy’s contemporaries: Maurice ravel, satie, faure, delius, schoenberg other contemporaries in different styles include Mahler, Bartók, and Stravinsky.

Question 10

List all the keys and modulations of the pieces

Answer 10

Prelude- eng suite: A minor- mostly: b.58 E minor, b62, G major b82 E minor 99-106 c major, 110-164 mostly a minor
Sonata: 1st: C major, -> b19 G major, development remains mostly in g major but passes through some other keys. end of b76 to b83-87 return to c major. recap. mostly g major now.
2nd: F major-> second phrase : C major–> b9 begin in g minor b10 F major. trio begins in f minor, second phrase modultes to ab major from b.25. return to f minor in b.30 b37-40 codette still in f minor. rest of the piece is in f major.
3rd: c major, second subject g major, development still g major, b87-95 c minor, recap b96 back to c major. triplet broken chord passage passes through f amjor, d major and then c major where it remains.
Automne: D flat major, secondary theme b8 modulates to Eb minor, goes back to Db major in main theme . Part B is in F minor, bars 34-37 modulate to Eb minor, . b42 now begins in Bb major. b50 returns in F minor than Eb minor. part a returns in Db major.
ravel: Sadbirds general lack of harmonic direction, main key is closest to Eb minor. A1 Eb minor B1 B minor B2 e major A2 D minor moves towards Eb minor Coda/: Eb minor
Debussy general lavine: key is in f major, A: f major, B: Db major A: F major Coda: Gb major and the concluding with a perfect cadence in f major in b106-109

Question 11

What do these terms mean Traine. ( French ) , Tres retenu
, Andante cantabile

Answer 11

Traine. ( French ) = take time
Tres retenu means to hold back a lot
Andante cantabile = walking pace in a singing style