Musical Forms Flashcards
Rondeau
One of the Formes Fixes: ABaAabAB
capital A = vocal refrain
lower case a = instrumental solo
Concertino
Ensemble of few solo instruments
Chorale
STROPHIC hymn used in the German Lutheran Church
Monody
Solo vocal piece w/ instrumental accompaniment designed to restore ancient greek ideas of melody - Baroque era
Ouverture
French OVERTURE in two-part form, the first slow and majestic with dotted rhythms, the second quick, fluent and FUGAL, after which first section returns. 2) a suite having such an introduction.
Opéra comique
French full-length opera with spoken dialogue instead of recitative.
Sarabande
Third movement of a DANCE SUITE, slow dance in triple meter, emphasizing the second beat
Sacred Concerto
Composition on a sacred text for one or more soloists and instrumental accompaniment; w/ Chorus = Grand Concerto, w/out chorus = concerto for few voices
Scherzo
Jesting type of movement that evolved from the Minuet
Appoggiatura
An ornament in which a non-chord tone falls on a strong beat, thereafter resolving
Chaconne
Dance song in triple time, originating in latin america
Da capo Aria
Two-section Aria form in which the first section is repeated after the end of the second (“from the head”)
Recitativo Semplice
RECITATIVE accompanied by Basso Continuo only
Oratorio
Composition for solo singers, chorus, and instruments; usually dramatic and on a biblical or religious subject
Mass
Most important service in the Catholic church
Cantata
Composition for solo voice containing RECITATIVES and ARIAS
Opera seria (list location and century)
Serious Italian Opera of the eighteenth century, purged of comic scenes and characters
Chorale prelude
Organ arrangement of a Chorale played before the congregation sings it
Allemande
Dance in duple meter, often first dance of a SUITE
Opera buffa
Italian full-length comic opera sung throughout
Concerto
Composition which primarily contrasts the orchestral ensemble with soloists or small soli groups
Recitative
Piece in which vocal delivery imitates speech-patterns, often found within opera
Minuet (Minuet and trio)
Dance in triple meter usually followed by a second minuet, called “Trio”, after which the first minuet returns
Concertato
Early Baroque form in which multiple instruments and voices perform together
Partita
Single variation of a theme or a set of such variations
What form is the second movement of a Mozart concerto usually like?
Lyrical Aria
Standard Classic Four Movement Form
- Opening sonata or allegro
- A slow movement, such as adagio
- Minuet or scherzo with trio
- Finale: allegro - rondo, or sonata
Symphony
Work for orchestra in several movements
Organum
improvised or written voice part sung against a plainchant, or the work resulting from this procedure
Cantata
Composition for solo voice containing recitatives and arias
Sonata
an ambitious work in several movements for one or two solo instruments
Passion
Setting of a New Testament account of the crucifixion of Jesus
FAntasia
Instrumental composition of fluid and improvisatory nature, often without any strict form
Strophic
poetry/lyrics with stanzas of equivalent form, therefore singable with the same melody over multiple stanzas - the pieces constructed like this
Ripieno
Italien for “Stuffing” - the body of instruments accompanying the concertino in baroque concerto music
Tutti
1 Orchestra; all play together
2 denoting the orchestra as opposed to the soloists in a CONCERTO
Requiem
Mass for the dead
Exposition
Section of a FUGE, SONATA, or CONCERTO in which the main subject(s) is/are announced
Ricercare
A temperate fugal piece on one or more subjects
Motet
Polyphonic vocal composition most often on a sacred text
Grand motet
Seventeenth / eighteenth- century French SACRED CONCERTO for soloists, double choruses, and orchestra
Overture
Introduction to a stage work, oratorio, or instrumental SUITE; later a brief orchestral work in one movement
List the Liturgy of the Ordinary Mass
Kyrie Gloria Credo Sanctus Agnus Dei
Episode
a passage within a FUGUE that does not state the principal subject
Toccata
Improvisatory piece that serves as an introduction to a Fugue
Madrigal
Polyphonic, unaccompanied vocal composition of Renaissance and early Baroque origin. 2-8 voices
Prelude
Introductory piece in an Opera, suite, or instrumental composition
Sonata form
Used mostly in first movements. 3 sections:
1) Exposition
a) theme(s) in tonic
b) more lyrical theme(s) in dominant or relative major
c) closing, cadential theme in Dom or relative major
2) Development
often including modulations
3) Recapitulation
Material of exposition restated all in tonic, sometimes w coda
Fugue
Composition or section of a composition in which a subject is answered or repeated successively by several voices - popular organ music late Baroque period
Ritornello
a recurring passage, often framing each new or recurrent section or between each stroph ( Da Capo Aria: R A R B R A R)
Stretto
Imitation of a subject at a close time-interval, even before the complete subject has been stated, most often in a FUGUE
Recitativo Obbligato
Orchestrally accompanied RECITATIVE
Symphonic Poem / Tone Poem
a one-movement orchestral piece that “describes” or evokes a non-musical subject
Courante
A dance in compound duple or triple meter (6/4 or 3/2) of french origin, often as the second movement of a SUITE
