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GCSE 9-1 Music > Musical Elements and Key Words > Flashcards

Musical Elements and Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

Accompaniment

A

Musical background to the main part

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2
Q

Allegro di molto e con brio (Beethoven)

A

Very lively and fast

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3
Q

Arpeggiation / arpeggios

A

Notes of the chords are spread out from bottom to top and played quickly

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4
Q

Break

A

Where most instruments stop playing for a short time with one instrument or singer continuing alone

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6
Q

Cantabile (Brandenburg)

A

In a singing style

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7
Q

Bossa Nova (SeP)

A

Brazilian music derived from Samba, but slower and more subdued, placing more emphasis on melody and less on percussion

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8
Q

Chord

A

Simultaneous sounding of two or more notes

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9
Q

Classical period (Beethoven)

A

1750-1820ish

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10
Q

Colla voce (Defying Gravity)

A

Following the solo voice (defying gravity)

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11
Q

Baroque period (Purcell, Bach)

A

1600-1750 ish

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12
Q

Chorus (structure)

A

The refrain, where the title is often sung. Often the catchiest and loudest part of the song.

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13
Q

Lament

A

Sad song

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14
Q

Compound time

A

3/8, 6/8, 9/8, 12/8 - where the quavers are counted in the bar, not the crotchet (6/8 is 6 quavers in a bar) and they are grouped in threes, as opposed to twos.

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15
Q

Concertino (Bach)

A

Group of soloists in a concerto grosso

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16
Q

Concerto grosso (Brandenburg)

A

Popular during the Baroque period, a set of works written for a group of solo instruments (concertino) and a larger ensemble accompaniment (ripieno)

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17
Q

Concerto

A

Large scale composition for orchestra plus a soloist

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18
Q

Continuo (Bach)

A

Continuous - the group of instruments (usually harpsichord or organ, plus a cello, double bass, bass viol or bassoon etc.) used to provide the bass or the notated bass line (basso continuo)

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19
Q

Counterpoint

A

Two or more largely independent melodic lines are combined (TEXTURE)

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20
Q

Contrapuntal

A

Two or more largely independent melodic lines

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21
Q

Development (Beethoven)

A

Second section in sonata form, where the material from the exposition is transformed, going through several modulations.

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22
Q

Cue

A

Each piece of music in a film score

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23
Q

Dissonant

A

Dissonant chords sound and feel unstable, clashing.

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24
Q

Drone

A

Notes held or repeated through a passage of music

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25
Q

Dynamics

A

Volume - pp, p, mp, mf, f, ff etc.

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26
Exposition (Beethoven)
The first section in sonata form where the musical material is first heard. First subject is in the tonic key and the second subject is usually in a different key, such as the dominant
27
Extended Chord
Chords with added notes such as 7th or 9ths
28
Fanfare (Star Wars)
A loud flourish usually played by brass
29
Gigue
A lively type of dance
30
Grave (Beethoven)
Very slow and solemn
31
Ground Bass (Purcell)
A repeating bass line
32
Harpsichord (Purcell, Brandenburg)
Early keyboard instrument where the strings are plucked instead of hammered.
33
Instrumentation
The instruments or voices used in the piece
34
Key
A piece tends to be in a major or minor key... _Major or _Minor (tonality)
35
Leitmotif (Star Wars)
Recurring musical idea associated with a character, emotion, place etc
36
Loop (Release)
A section or sample repeated over and over again
37
Modulation
Key change
38
Mordent (SeP, Purcell)
Upper or Lower, an ornament made up of the main note, the note above/below and then the main note again (played quickly)
39
Multi-Tracking
A recording technique where two or more tracks are recorded independently and then played back together
40
Orchestration
The instruments used in an arrangement
41
Ornamentation
Added notes to decorate the music (usually the melody). EG trill, turn, mordent
42
Overdubbing
Where a recorded sound is added to a previously taped recording
43
Patronage
When people used to commission songs to be written for them, thus paying the composer
44
Pedal Notes
Sustained or repeated note sounding against the changing harmony, sometimes resulting in dissonance. Usually in the bass and is generally the tonic or dominant note
45
Inverted Pedal (Star Wars)
Where the pedal note is at the top of the texture
46
Polyphonic
Lots of different musical lines being played at the same time
47
Range
The distance from the lowest note to the highest note
48
Recapitulation
The third and final section in sonata form where the music from the exposition is recapped
49
Ripieno
The larger group of players in the concerto grosso
50
Seventh Chord
Seventh chords are made by adding a seventh note to the triad
51
Simple time
2/4, 3/4, 4/4 - when crotchets are counted in the bar, and the notes are usually paired
52
Slide
When the pitch slides from one note to the next
53
Sonata Form (Beethoven)
A form based on three sections: exposition, development and recapitulation. The musical ideas from the exposition are known as the first and second subject
54
Staccato
Short, detached notes
55
Legato
Sustained, slurred notes
56
Syncopation
The effect created when offbeat notes are accented
57
Anacrusis
Where the tune starts before the 1st beat of the bar
58
Tempo
The speed of the song
59
Metre
The time signature of the song
60
Texture
The number of layers in a piece of music and how they relate to one another
61
Monophonic
One musical line
62
Homophonic
Melody and accompaniment (melody-dominated homophony), or chordal
63
Tonality
Essentially the key of the piece, major, minor, modal, atonal etc
64
Tremolo
An effect produced by the rapid performing of one note
65
Triplet
Three notes played in the time of two
66
Verse
A section of a song which is repeated, each time with different words
67
Strophic
A song structure where there are no choruses
68
Viol
A bowed string instruments during the Baroque era
69
Word Painting
Where the music reflects the meaning of the texts
70
Monophonic
Unaccompanied
71
Homophonic
Accompanied melody
72
Polyphonic
Contrapuntal counterpoint
73
Textural devices
Imitation Simultaneous lines Canoic Layered texture
74
Fugal
Counterpoint Imitation Overlapping lines Eliding ideas at different pitches
75
Heterophonic
Different versions of a melody at same time
76
Antiphonal
Opposing voices | Spavial
77
Textural feature
PEDAL NOTE Ostinato Counterpoint Dialouge
78
Perfect cadence
5-1 a point of rest and relaxation
79
Plagual cadence
4-1
80
Imperfect cadence
Mysterious | Finneshes on dominant (5)
81
Harmonic devices
``` Circle of 5 ths Parrallel harmony Broken chords (ceg etc gce ) Arpegio Extended chords ```
82
Diatonic
Within a key
83
Assonance
Nice 3rds 5ths
84
Dissonance
2nd 9ths 7 ths
85
Suspension
The dissonance ( that is then resolved) eg Sus chords.

GCSE 9-1 Music (9 decks)

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