Musical elements Flashcards
1
Q
What are the ten musical elements?
A
melody harmony tonality form and structure dynamics sonority texture tempo rhythm metre
2
Q
No sharps or flats
A
C major / A minor
3
Q
1 sharp
A
G major / E minor
4
Q
1 flat
A
F major / D minor
5
Q
2 sharps
A
D major / B minor
6
Q
2 flats
A
Bb major / G minor
7
Q
3 sharps
A
A major / F# minor
8
Q
3 flats
A
Eb major / C minor
9
Q
4 sharps
A
E major / C# minor
10
Q
4 flats
A
Ab major / F minor
11
Q
4 flats
A
Ab major / F minor
12
Q
Binary form is
A
AB
13
Q
Ternary form is
A
ABA
14
Q
Minuet and trio is
A
AB(m)AB(t)AB(m)
15
Q
Rondo form is
A
ABACA
16
Q
Variation form is
A
Theme V1 V2 V3
17
Q
Strophic form is
A
AAA (verse or chorus repeating)
18
Q
Repetition
A
The exact repeat of a musical idea
19
Q
Contrast
A
A change in the musical content
20
Q
Anacrusis
A
A note (or notes) before the first strong beat
21
Q
Imitation
A
When a musical idea is copied in another part
22
Q
Sequence
A
The repetition of a motif in the same part but at a different pitch
23
Q
Ostinato
A
A musical pattern repeated many times, also known as a riff in pop music
24
Q
Syncopation
A
Off beat (accented notes on the weak beats)
25
Dotted rhythms
A dot placed after a note increases its value by half again (so it is a little longer), giving a kind of jagged effect to the rhythm
26
Drone
A repeated note or notes held throughout a passage of music
27
Pedal
A held or repeated note against which changing harmonies are heard
28
Canon
A compositional device in which a melody is repeated exactly in another part while the initial melody is still being played
29
Conjunct movement
When the melody move mainly by step
30
Disjunct movement
When the melody leaps from one note to another
31
Broken chord / arpeggio
A chord played as separate noes, when the notes of a chord are played in succession either up or down.
32
Alberti bass
A type of broken chord accompaniment
33
Regular phrasing
The balanced parts of a melody
34
Motifs
A short melodic or rhythmic idea that has a distinctive character
35
Chord progressions
A series of chords related to each other in a particular key
36
Perfect cadence
V to I
37
Plagal cadence
IV to I
38
Imperfect cadence
```
Ends on chord V so either:
II to V
I to V
IV to V
vi to V
```
39
Interrupted cadence
V to vi
40
Monophonic texture
A single melodic line for instrumental or vocal soloist with no accompaniment. This can also be when voices and instruments are played or sung together in unison
41
Homophonic texture
When one main melody is heard whit a harmonic accompaniment of chords.
42
Polyphonic texture
There are a number of melodic lines heard independently of each other.
43
Unison
When two or more musical parts sound the same pitches at the same time.
44
Chordal
A description of the type of texture where the parts move together producing a series or progression of chords.
45
Layered
When more parts are added on top of each other to add more fullness to the sound and produce a richer texture.
46
Melody and accompaniment
When the tune is the main focus of interest and importance, and it is accompanied by another part which supports the tune.
47
Canon
Where the melody is repeated exactly in another part while the initial melody is still being played.
48
Countermelody
When a new melody is heard at the same time as a previous melody.
49
Round
When the music goes 'round and round' and may continue to repeat indefinitely
50
Musical ensemble definition and 7 different groups
A group of people who perform instrumental or vocal music together.
Duet, trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet
51
Sonata form is
A musical structure developed in the Classical era, frequently used for the first movement in a larger work such as a symphony sonata or concerto.
52
Basso continuo
'Continuous bass' used to accompany solo instruments and singers as well as various instrumental groups. Usually played by a harpsichord, organ or sometimes a lute.
53
A sonata is
A piece of music to be played rather than sung.
54
Trio sonatas are
Two soloists and basso continuo
55
String quartet consists of
Two violins, a viola and a cello
56
The rhythm section is
The musicians whose main job is to supply the rhythm. It usually consists of bass and drums, and sometimes keyboard instruments.
57
6 film composers
John Williams, Max Steiner, Erich Korngold, Hans Zimmer, Bernard Herrmann, Rachel Portman
58
Name 6 films with scores composed by John Williams
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Home alone, E.T, Jurassic Park
59
Two categories of film music are
Diegetic and Non-Diegetic
60
Diegetic music is
Contained within the action so it can be heard by the on-screen characters.
61
Non-Diegetic music is
Background music supporting the on-screen action which is not heard by the characters but is heard by the film audiences.
62
Describe 6 musical features used to describe a battle scene
Brass fanfares, pedal, rhythmic ostinatos, slow brass melody, texture getting thicker, slow ascending scales, homophonic- chordal, moderato tempo, brass stabs, staccato, cresc or dims, accents, faster rhythms
63
Describe 6 musical features used to describe a love scene
Long sustained high notes on strings, Slow melodies on brass and strings, Gradual crescendos and diminuendos, Texture gradually gets thicker, Ascending legato melodies, Pedal notes
Long sustained high notes on strings, Major key
64
Describe 6 musical features used to describe a scene of sadness
Brass fanfares, Sustained notes, Slow or free rhythms and tempo, Slow string melodies, Texture gets thicker, Slow descending scales, Monophonic texture, Minor key, Legato, Crescendos and diminuendos, Vibrato playing
65
Describe 6 musical features used to describe a scene of tension building
```
Dissonance/a tonal
High pitched strings
Free tempo
Pedal
Accents
Uneven rhythms
Tempo gets faster
Dynamics suddenly changing
Sustained notes
Crescendo
Stabs
Ostinato
Silence
```
66
What are 10 musical characteristics of a fanfare
```
Based on the notes of a chord and often includes intervals of 3rd, 5th and octave
Broken chord figurations
Dotted rythms
Triplet pattern
Semiquavers
Brass instruments (melody)
Percussion instruments (accompaniment)
Energy / Power
Loud (forte)
Major key
```
67
What is minimalism
Musical genre where ideas are characterised by repetition, based on small cells which evolve.
68
What is layering
Moving from ne element to another and building up the musical ideas to fill out the texture.
69
What can an ostinato illustrate
The build up of action or tension
70
What is the difference between pop and rock?
Pop is commercial music enjoyed by the masses
| Rock is a more aggressive sounding genre but some genres are more gentle.
71
Name 13 different styles of rock
Psychedelic, folk/country, blues, progressive, punk, glam, soft, hard/heavy, pop, grunge, Britpop, other styles.
72
What is progressive rock and three examples of performers.
A more experimental form with instruments and song forms producing much longer tracks as they experimented with classical music of electronic effects.
Pink Floyd, Genesis, King Crimson
73
What is punk rock and three examples of performers.
A reaction against progressive rock with groups wanting to get back to the simple chords and structures
The Clash, The Damned, Patti Smith
74
What is hard/heavy rock and three examples of performers.
A style associated with lead and rhythm guitars, use of simple riffs, solos, distortion and effects.
AC/DC, Jimi Hendrix, deep purple.
74
What is heavy rock and three examples of performers.
It demonstrated more intensity and volume.
Black Sabbath, Metallica, Iron Maiden
75
What is Britpop rock and three examples of performers.
A reaction against grunge with a wave of new British groups.
Oasis, Supergrass, Blur
76
What is blues rock and three examples of performers.
Is a popular blues scene developed with the fusion of rock.
Eric Clapton, Janis Joplin, Gary Moore
