Music Theory Course Level 3 and 4 Flashcards
While tone scale is constructed entirely of
Whole steps
The major pentatonic is constructed of …..notes. Using the …scale as its reference , the pentatonic scale is constructed using scale degrees ……
Five
Major
12356 (+8)
The minor pentatonic scale is constructed of …. Notes using the …… Scale As a reference , uses degrees …..
5 notes
Natural minor
13457 (+8)
The blues scale is very similar to the…..scale with the addition of one note , the ….called the “…” note
- minor pentatonic
- sharp 4/ flat 5
- “blues “ note
scale degree 1= …/solfege name
Tonic/do
scale degree 2= …/solfege name
Super tonic/ re
scale degree 3= …/solfege name
Mediant/mo
scale degree 4= …/solfege name
Subdominant/da
scale degree 5= …/solfege name
Dominant/so
scale degree 6= …/solfege name
Submediant/la
scale degree 7= …/solfege name
Leading note/ to
scale degree 8= …/solfege name
Tonic/do
Order of sharps
fcgdaeb
Order of flats
beadgcf
How many flats? B flat major
2
How many flats? E flat major
3
How many flats? A flat major
4
How many flats? D flat major
5
How many flats? G flat major
6
How many flats? C flat major
7
How many flats? F major
1
How many sharps in this major key? G
1
How many sharps in this major key? D
2
How many sharps in this major key? A
3
How many sharps in this major key? E
4
How many sharps in this major key? B
5
How many sharps in this major key? F#
6
How many sharps in this major key? C#
7
The chromatic scale is constructed entirely of … /…
Half steps/ semi tones
Augmented =
a half step bigger than a perfect interval
diminished =
a half step smaller than a perfect interval
Inverting intervals:
Major interval will always invert to a ___ interval
minor
Inverting intervals:
minor interval will always invert to a ___ interval
Major
Inverting intervals:
a perfect interval always inverts into a … interval
perfect (stays a perfect )
two ways of writing suspended 4th
_sus or __ sus4
to make a suspended 4th in a triad …
remove the 3rd and add a 4th in place of it.
to make a suspended 2nd in a triad …
remove the 3rd and add a 2nd in place of it
a traditional use of using a suspended chord ..
“preparing the chord” to resolve into a neighboring chord
suspended chords can be as —
ambiguous
steps in diminished chord are
root + 3st+ 3st
steps in diminished 7th are
root + 3st+ 3st+3st
when dealing with diminished 7th chords there’s really only —- different ones (groups)
3
diminished 7th chord group 1:
Cdim7
Ebdim7
Gbdim7
Adim7
diminished 7th chord group 2:
Cbdim7
Edim7
Gdim7
Bbdim7
diminished 7th chord group 3:
Ddim7
Fdim7
Abdim7
Bdim7
Augmented=
sharpened a half step bigger than a perfect interval
perfect fifth is how many semitones?
7
inverting intervals: a Major interval will always invert to a____interval
minor interval
inverting intervals: a minor interval will always invert to a____interval
Major interval
inverting intervals:a perfect interval will always invert to a____interval
Perfect interval
suspended 4th also known as … or …
__sus or __sus4
Suspended chords: to create a suspended 4th chord
remove the 3rd in a traid and add the 4th in place of it
Suspended chords: to create a suspended 2nd chord
remove the 3rd in a traid and add the 2nd in place of it
Suspended chords: Traditional use is used in …
used in “preparing the chord” to resolve into a neighboring chord
augmented chord =
2 major intervals
diatonic
chords/ notes within the key only ( not chromatic)
in the major key: the major keys (their roman numeral position) are:
I, IV, V
in the major key: the minor keys (their roman numeral position) are
ii, iii, vi
in the major key: the diminished traid position is
viiº
In minor scale the minor and major chord positions depend on if the scale is either
Natural , Melodic, or Harmonic
List the COMMON Diatonic triads in the monor scale
i, iiº, III, iv, V,VI, viiº, i
Transposing: when transposing: know the…
direction ( up or down)
Transposing: when transposing: follow the…
golden rules
Transposing: the golden rules of transposing are…
- workout the equivalent pitches in the bass/treble cleffs
2. transpose the notes up or down
Transposing: when transposing use …… as your guide
middle c
Ornaments: what do they do?
- modify the specific pattern of notes.
- they are shown with symbols written next to them
- there are many different types
Duplet is
1.
2.
3.
- opposite of the triplet
- Two notes in the space of 3
- used in compound meter ( when we need a rhythm normally seen in simple meter
double dotted notes = __+__+___
note length + half + a quarter
Alto Cleff :
1.
2.
3.
- used by viola
- useful for writing between treble and bass clef
- known as c clef ( because the middle sits on middle c)
for the alto/ tenor clef name the acronym for the lines
FACEG
for the alto/ tenor clef name the acronym for the spaces
GBDF
Modes can be thought of as a…
a scale within a scale
Modes are usually refferred to as a
mode of a “particular” scale”
mode 1 =
Ionian
mode 2=
Dorian
mode 3
Phrygian
mode 4
Lydian
mode 5 =
Mixolydian
mode 6=
Aeolian
mode 7=
Locrian
a tip abut compound intervals : really just add whatever scale degree note to __ , if its an octave greater
7
7th chord : chord degrees: major=
1-3-5-7
7th chord : chord degrees: minor =
1-3b-5-7b
7th chord : chord degrees: Dominant=
1-3-5-7b
7th chord : chord degrees: Diminished=
1-3b-5b-7bb
7th chord : flatten the 3rd and 7th in the ___seventh chord
minor
7th chord : flatten the 7th in the ___seventh chord
fDominant
7th chord : ___ flatten the____ degree in the 7th chord
double flatten the 7th degree
transposition:
step 1
step 2.
- Workout the equivalent pitches first
2. then transpose the notes down an octave
what are 4 steps to transpose
- make a note of direction and distance
- workout how many semitones make up the distance
- transpose the key signature
- transpose each note
modulation:each key has __ closely related keys that it can modulate into smoothy
5
modulation: the 5 closely related keys each can modulate into are the
4th below, 5th above , the Tonics relative major or minor, the 4th and 5th’s relative majors or minors
Modulation: there are __major and minor keys
24
Modulation: easiest way is to modulate into a key with 1 or more ____ with the original key
common chords
Modulation: common chords can be used as a ____between two keys
pivot chord
Modulation: 3 things to remember when using common /”pivot “ chords
1) The new keys Tonic should be preceded by a Dominant chord “V” (
2) The new keys Tonic should be preceded by the dominant V chord
3) The Pivot chord preceding the “v” chord should preferably be a chord that leads well to “v” like a “ii” or a IV” chord it’s also a chord in common to both keys
Modulation: The new keys Tonic should be preceded by a Dominant chord “V” (since it….
(since it creates a strong cadential progression and reinforces the sound of the new key)
Modulation: 3 steps: step 1: the tonic chord of the new key must fall on a ___ (preferably ___)
Strong beat ( preferably the first beat of a new bar)
Modulation: 3 steps: step 2:The new keys tonic should be preceded by a …. ( since it…)
Dominant (V) chord
since it creates a strong cadential progression and reinforces the sound of the new key
Modulation: 3 steps: step 3: the pivot chord preceding the V chord should preferably be a…like a…or…. its also a chord …..
chord that leads well into V
like a ii or IV chord
its also a chord in common to both keys preferably
Modulation: common forms of modulation a root to its..
Dominant, subdominant, its relative minor (or major, or to the dominants or subdominants relative minor ( or major)
Modulation: when a Tonal center shifts to another key , a new key signature often is
accompanied
we DO NOT usually modulate to the ____
because a ___ chord is unstable for a key center
leading tone ( viiº) diminished triad
postin I =
Tonic
position IV=
subdominant
position V=
Dominant
position vi = submediant but it is the …. of the tonic key
relative minor
we don not usually modulate to the ___ because a ___ triad is unstable for a key center ( its not the viiº chord)
supertonic (iiº)
define cadence:
a melodic or harmonic configuration that creates a sense of resolution ( finality or pause )
Modulation formula: -tonic to... - - - - -
- tonic to common/pivot chord
- pivot to Dominant of new key
- dominant of new key to tonic of new key +} cadence
compound intervals f : just add__ to …
add 7 to whatever numerical place in the scale the note lands on
compound intervals f: the quality of the chord (major/minor/perfect/dim) ….
stays the same
root to major 3rd is ___ semitones
4 semitones
Major 7th is how many semitones above the tonic?
11 semitones
Diatonic minor: Diatonic means
notes are derived from the scale
Diatonic minor:chords in natural
i, iiº,III, iv,v, VI, VII
Diatonic minor:chords in Hamonic
i, iiº,III+, iv,V,VI,viiº
Diatonic minor:chords in melodic:
i,ii, III+, IV, V, vidim , viiº
Diatonic minor:chords in commonly used chords
i,iiº,III,IV (or iv), V, VI, viiº or / VII
