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ABRSM > music performance directions > Flashcards

music performance directions Flashcards

1
Q

Adagio

A

slow

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2
Q

Accelerando (or accel.)

A

gradually getting quicker

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3
Q

allegretto

A

fairly quick (but not as quick as allegro)

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4
Q

allegro

A

quick (litterally ‘cheerful’)

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5
Q

andante

A

at a medium(‘walking’) speed

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6
Q

cantabile

A

in a singing style

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7
Q

crescendo (or cresc.)

A

gradually getting louder

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8
Q

da capo (or D.C.)

A

repeat from the beginning

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9
Q

da segno (or D.S.)

A

repeat from the sign %S

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10
Q

decrescendo (or decresc.)

A

gradually getting quieter

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11
Q

diminuendo (or dim.)

A

gradually getting quieter

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12
Q

fine

A

the end

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13
Q

f = forte

A

loud

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14
Q

ff = fortissimo

A

very loud

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15
Q

legato

A

smoothly

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16
Q

lento

A

slow

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17
Q

mezzo

A

half

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18
Q

mf = mezzo forte

A

moderately loud (literally ‘half’ loud)

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19
Q

mp = mezzo piano

A

moderately quiet (literally ‘half’ quiet)

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20
Q

moderato

A

moderately (allegro moderato: moderately quick)

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21
Q

p = piano

A

quiet

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22
Q

pp = pianissimo

A

very quiet

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23
Q

poco

A

a little

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24
Q

rallentando (or rall.)

A

getting gradually slower

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25
Q

ritardando (or ritard. or rit.)

A

getting gradually slower

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26
Q

ritenuto (or riten. or rit.)

A

held back

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27
Q

staccato (or stacc.)

A

detached

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28
Q

tempo

A

speed, time (a tempo: in time)

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29
Q

a

A

at, to, by, for, in, in the style of

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30
Q

al, alla

A

to the, in the manner of (alla marcia: in the style of a march)

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31
Q

allargando

A

broadening (getting a little slower and probably a little louder)

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32
Q

andantino

A

slightly faster than Andante (but may also mean slightly slower)

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33
Q

assai

A

very (allegro assai: very quick)

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34
Q

con, col

A

with

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35
Q

dolce

A

sweet, soft

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36
Q

e. ed

A

and

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37
Q

espressivo (or espress. or espr.)

A

expressive

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38
Q

Fp = fortepiano

A

loud, then immediately soft

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39
Q

giocoso

A

playful, merry

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40
Q

grave

A

very slow, solemn

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41
Q

grazioso

A

graceful

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42
Q

larghetto

A

rather slow (but not as slow as largo)

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43
Q

largo

A

slow, stately

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44
Q

ma

A

but

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45
Q

maestoso

A

majestic

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46
Q

meno

A

less

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47
Q

molto

A

very, much

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48
Q

mosso, moto

A

movement (meno mosso: slower; con moto: with movement)

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49
Q

non

A

not

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50
Q

piu

A

more

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51
Q

presto

A

fast (faster than Allegro)

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52
Q

senza

A

without

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53
Q

sf, sfz = sforzando or sforzato

A

forced, accented

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54
Q

simile (or sim.)

A

in the same way

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55
Q

sostenuto

A

sustained

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56
Q

tenuto

A

held

57
Q

troppo

A

too much (non troppo: not too much)

58
Q

vivace, vivo

A

lively, quick

59
Q

adagietto

A

rather slow (but faster than adagio)

60
Q

ad libitum, ad lib.

A

at choice, meaning that a passage may be played freely

61
Q

agitato

A

agitated

62
Q

all breve

A

with a minim beat, equivalent to c| (2/2), implying a faster tempo than the note values might otherwise suggest

63
Q

amore

A

love (amoroso: loving)

64
Q

anima

A

soul, spirit (con anima can mean ‘with feeling’ or ‘spirited’)

65
Q

animato

A

animated, lively (animando: becoming more lively)

66
Q

ben

A

well

67
Q

brio

A

vigour (con brio: with vigour, lively)

68
Q

comodo

A

convenient (tempo comodo: at a comfortable speed)

69
Q

deciso

A

with determination

70
Q

delicato

A

delicate

71
Q

energico

A

energetic

72
Q

forza

A

force

73
Q

largamente

A

broadly

74
Q

leggiero

A

light, nimble

75
Q

marcato, marc.

A

emphatic, accented

76
Q

marziale

A

in a military style

77
Q

mesto

A

sad

78
Q

pesante

A

heavy

79
Q

prima, primo

A

first

80
Q

risoluto

A

bold, strong

81
Q

ritmico

A

rhythmically

82
Q

rubato, tempo rubato

A

with some freedom of time

83
Q

scherzando, scherzoso

A

playful, joking

84
Q

seconda, secondo

A

second

85
Q

semplice

A

simple, plain

86
Q

sempre

A

always

87
Q

stringendo

A

gradually getting faster

88
Q

subito

A

suddenly

89
Q

tanto

A

so much

90
Q

tranquillo

A

calm

91
Q

triste, tristamente

A

sad, sorrowful

92
Q

volta

A

time (prima volta: first time; seconda volta: second time)

93
Q

affettuoso

A

tenderly

94
Q

affrettando

A

hurrying

95
Q

amabile

A

amiable, pleasant

96
Q

appassionato

A

with passion

97
Q

calando

A

getting softer, dying away (and usually slowing down)

98
Q

cantando

A

singing

99
Q

come

A

as, similar to (come prima: as before; come sopra: as above)

100
Q

facile

A

easy

101
Q

fuoco

A

fire

102
Q

giusto

A

proper, exact (tempo giusto; in strict time)

103
Q

l’istesso

A

the same (l’istesso tempo: at the same speed)

104
Q

morendo

A

dying away

105
Q

niente

A

nothing

106
Q

nobilmente

A

nobly

107
Q

perdendosi

A

dying away

108
Q

possibile

A

possible (presto possibile: as fast as possible)

109
Q

quasi

A

as if, resembling

110
Q

sonoro

A

resonant, with rich tone

111
Q

sopra

A

above

112
Q

sotto

A

below (sotto voce: in a undertone)

113
Q

veloce

A

swift

114
Q

voce

A

voice

115
Q

french a

A

to, at

116
Q

french anime

A

animated, lively

117
Q

french assez

A

enough, sufficiently

118
Q

avec

A

with

119
Q

french cedez

A

yield, relax the speed

120
Q

douce

A

sweet

121
Q

en dehors

A

prominent (a direction to make a melody stand out)

122
Q

et

A

and

123
Q

french legerement

A

light

124
Q

lent

A

slow

125
Q

mais

A

but

126
Q

moins

A

less

127
Q

french modere

A

at a moderate speed

128
Q

non

A

not

129
Q

peu

A

little

130
Q

plus

A

more

131
Q

presser

A

hurry (en pressant: hurrying on)

132
Q

ralentir

A

slow down

133
Q

retenu

A

held back (en retenant: holding back, slowing a little)

134
Q

sans

A

without

135
Q

french tres

A

very

136
Q

un, une

A

one

137
Q

vif

A

lively

138
Q

vite

A

quick

ABRSM (1 decks)

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