Music of the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Periods Flashcards
1
Q
When is the Medieval period?
A
700-1400 AD
2
Q
The medieval period is also known as?
A
The dark ages or the middle ages
3
Q
When did the Medieval period start?
A
The fall of the roman empire
4
Q
During the medieval period what did the Christian church influence?
A
Europe’s Culture and Political affairs
5
Q
What is the other name for the Gregorian chant and who is it named after?
A
Monophonic Plainchant; Pope Gregory I
6
Q
What is the Gregorian Chant for?
A
political matters and liturgy
7
Q
The Gregorian chant was transmitted originally in what way?
A
orally
8
Q
What notation is used to disseminate the chant across Europe?
A
Neume Notation
9
Q
What are the Characterristics of the Gregorian Chant?
A
Monophonic, Free Meter, Modal, Based on Latin Liturgy, uses the Neume notation
10
Q
What is monophonic?
A
vocal music; one sound; sung by people with no accompaniment of harmony or chords
11
Q
What is free meter?
A
a piece of music with no beat
12
Q
What is church modal?
A
highest change of tone is four notes
13
Q
What is the mother of all musical symbols?
A
Neume notation
14
Q
Music on the Medieval period not bound by the Christian Church?
A
Secular Music
15
Q
When did the Troubadour music emerge?
A
during the latter part of the Medieval Period
16
Q
What is a group of musicians that perform Secular Music across Europe?
A
Troubadours
17
Q
What are the characteristics of Troubadour music?
A
Usually monophonic, Sometimes with improvised accompaniment, Tells of chivalry and courtly love, Originated from France, Written in French Music
18
Q
What is the nickname of Adam de la Halle?
A
Adam le Bossu or Adam the Hunchback
19
Q
Who is Adam de la Halle’s Father?
A
Henri de la Halle
20
Q
Who is Henri de la Halle?
A
a well-known citizen of Arras
21
Q
Where did Adam de la Halle receive his education?
A
Cistercian Alley of Vaucelles, near Cambral
22
Q
What is Adam de la Halle’s supposed-to-be job?
A
He was destined for the Church, he wanted to be a monk
23
Q
Why didn’t Adam get his dream job?
A
Because he was married
24
Q
Who were the Patrons of Adam?
A
Robert II
Count of Artois
Charles of Anjou(brother of Louis IX)
25
What is included in the musical and literary works of Adam?
Chansons and Poetic Debates
| -Jeux Partis in the style of the trouveres, polyphonic rondes, and motets
26
What is the other name for poetic debates?
Jeux Partis
27
Adam de la Halle was a?
Trouvere, poet and musician
28
What is a chanson?
a french song
29
What are the works of Adam?
Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion and La Chanson du roi de Sicile
30
What was the earliest surviving secular french play with music?
Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion
31
Why did the Christians asked help from the Francs? real and unreal reason
To make them stronger; money
32
The day of wrath is a?
Gregorian Chant
33
What are the 2 types of music during the Medieval era?
Chansons and Gregorian Chants
34
When is the Renaissance Period?
1400-1600
35
Renaissance comes from the word ___, which means what?
renaitre; rebirth, rediscovery, and revival
36
The renaissance period is the golden ages of?
acapella choral music
37
The renaissance period is the period of?
looking back to the golden age of Greece and Rome
38
What invention paved the way for a wide distribution of renaissance compositions?
Printing Press
39
What is the Bourgeois class?
belong to the middle class
40
What was the prominent instrument of the renaissance era?
Lute
41
During the renaissance period, the power of the Christian Church?
Declined
42
What are the happenings during the renaissance era?
Discovery of the actual position of earth in the solar system by Copernicus, Invention of the Compass, Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation
43
What are the characteristics of Renaissance Music?
Mostly polyphonic, Imitation among the voices is common, Use of word painting in texts and music, Melodic lines move in a flowing manner, and Melodies are easier because the move along a scale with a few large laps
44
What is polyphonic?
-Many sounds
45
What are the 2 kinds of vocal music of the Renaissance Period?
Mass and Madrigal
46
What is the mass?
is a form of sacred musical compositions that sets texts of the Eucharistic liturgy into music
47
What are the sections of mass? and their English meaning?
```
Kyrie(Lord have Mercy)
Gloria(Glory to God in the Highest)
Credo(I believe in one god)
Sanctus and Benidictus(Holy, Holy and Blessed is he)
Agnus Dei(Lamb of God)
```
48
What are the Characteristics of Mass music?
Polyphonic, May may sung acapella or with orchestral accompaniment, Text may be syllabic(one), neumatic(few), and melismatic(many)
49
What is a madrigal?
a secular vocal polyphonic music composition which originated from Italy
50
What are the characteristics of madrigal music?
Polyphonic, Sung acapella, Through-composed, Frequently in 3-6 voices
51
When is the Baroque Period?
1685 – 1750
52
Where is the word Baroque derived and what does that word mean?
barroco which means pearl of irregular shape
53
During the Baroque period, the arts highlighted what?
grandiose and elaborate ornamentation
54
What tonalities were made in the baroque period?
Major and Minor tonality
55
Melodies in the baroque period are?
sound elaborate and ornamental and are
| not easy to sing or remember
56
What are the music genres of the baroque period?
operas, oratorios, suites, tocatas, concertó grosso, fugue
57
What are the new forms in the baroque period?
binary – AB, ternary – ABC, ground bass, fugue
58
What are the keyboard instruments that are commonly used in the baroque period?
• Harpsichord and organ
59
Music Genres of Baroque Music ?
```
Concerto
Concerto Grosso
Fugue
Oratorio
Chorale
```
60
In the baroque period, the orchestra is composed of?
strings and continuo
61
A form of orchestral music that employs a solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra.
Concerto
62
A form of orchestral music during the Baroque Period wherein the music is between a small group of solo instruments called concertino and the whole orchestra called tutti
Concerto Grosso
63
A contrapuntal piece, developed mainly by imitative counterpoint. It is usually written in 3 or 4 parts, with a main theme called ―subject. The entire piece grows mainly from a single brief tune of strong musical character
Fugue
64
a large scale musical composition for orchestra and voices that incorporates narratives on religious themes. Unlike usual theatrical works, this is usually performed without the use of costumes, scenery, or action. It is usually written in the native language for the intended audience.
Oratorio
65
What are Handel's Oratorios?
‘Messiah’, ‘Samson’, ‘Israel’, and ‘Egypt’
66
What is Haydn's Oratorio?
The Creation
67
What is Bach's oratorio?
Christmas oratorio
68
Johann Sebastian Bach came from a family of what?
musicians
69
Who taught J.S. Bach to play the violin?
his father who was then the town musician in Eisanach
70
At what age did Bach enter school?
7
71
Bach became an orphan at what age?
10
72
Who provided for Bach?
His brother, a church organist
73
At what school did he go accepted in? what helped him?
Luӥeberg; his beautiful soprano voice
74
What did Bach do after his voice change?
Bach focused his attention to playing the violin and harpsichord
75
Bach was what kind of man?
Religious
76
Bach is known for his?
Compositions for the Organ, Oratorios, and Orchestra
77
Bach's most important and long term position was?
a cantor at St. Thomas Church
78
What are Bach's works for Concerto grosso? Mass? Cantatas? Fugues? Works for the Clavichord and harpsichord?
* Concerto Grosso e.g. Brandenburg Concertos (concerto grosso)
* Masses e.g. Mass in B minor
* Cantatas e.g. Cantata 208 and 211
* Fugues e.g. Fugue in G minor, Toccata and Fugue in D minor
* Works for clavichord and harpsichord e.g. Well-Tempered Clavier (one of his more well known ketboard improvisations)
79
He was an Italian Baroque composer, Catholic priest and a virtuoso violinist, what is his name and Nickname??
Antonio Lucio Vivaldi , nicknamed il Prete Rosso ("The Red Priest")
80
Why is he ncknames El Prete Rosso?
Because of his red hair
81
Recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers, his influence during his lifetime was widespread over Europe
Antonio Vivaldi
82
Vivaldi is known mainly for?
composing instrumental concertos, especially for the violin, as well as sacred choral works and over forty operas
83
When was Vivaldi ordained?
1703
84
What is Vivaldi known for?
giving the strings a major role in his compositions
85
What is Vivaldi's most famous composition?
The Four Seasons
86
George Händel was the ? son from the ? marriage of a ?
second; second; pastor
87
Handel secretly taught himself to play what?
The harpsichord
88
At what age did he get the access to the church organ?
7
89
Who gave Handel a proper education and why?
A duke; because he heard Handel play the organ
90
Under who did he studied counterpoint, canon and fugue.
Under Zachau, organist of Halle cathedral
91
Handel is remembered for what?
his operas and oratorios
92
Who is England's favorite composer?
George Handel
93
When did Handel lose both of his eyesight?
1753
94
When he conducted his oratorio, ―?,” a few in the audience were unaware that he had lost his eyesight
Samson
95
The ? is Handel's most famous creation
Messiah
96
The Messiah was written in the space of ? days in ? but it was in ? when The Messiah was first performed and became an instant success
24; London; Dublin
97
Who is said to be the greatest master of Roman Catholic Church music during the renaissance era?
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
98
What are the majority of Palestrina's compositions?
Sacred Music
99
Palestrina was committed to ? and has a
| keen interest in ?
sacred music; satisfying the desires of church leaders in the sixteenth
century
100
What is held up as the perfect example
| of counter - reformation style?
Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass
101
What is part of the first two sections of the Pope
| Marcellus Mass?
Kyrie
102
Palestrina's career reflects his commitment to the?
music of the church
103
Palestrina received his early training and spent the majority of his career in?
various churches in Rome, including the pope’s chapel
104
Palestrina was as an ? at both the ? which may have influenced his distinctively pure and restrained style in musical compositions.
organist and choir master; Sistine Chapel and at St. Peter's
105
Palestrina also served as an?
organist in St. Agapito
106
What was Palestrina's first book? who appreciated it?
Masses; Pope Julius III
107
Palestrina has ? sons but lost them during the?
two; plague epidemic that struck Rome in 1570’s
108
He had planned to become a ? but eventually
| changed his mind and ?
priest;married a wealthy widow
109
Where is Thomas Morley born? His father was a?
Norwich, East England; brewer
110
Morley was a ? from his boyhood, and he became what and when?
singer in the local cathedral; master of choristers there in 1583
111
Who was the most famous composer of
| secular music in his time?
Thomas Morley
112
Morley Studied music with? and who is he?
with William Byrd, an
| Elizabethan composer of sacred music
113
Morley received his Bachelor’s degree in
| ? and became an organist at ?
Oxford; St. Paul’s in London
114
Most of Morley's madrigals are?
light and easy to sing with some aspects of Italian style
115
What book by Morley is a collection of Italian madrigals fitted with English text? When and Who published it?
Musica Transalpina; 1588 by Nicholas Yonge
116
Morley's works include?
```
Fire, Fire, My Heart
Sing and Chant It
Fantasie
April Is In My Mistress‟ Face
It Was A Lover and His Lass
```
