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ARTS and MUSIC 9 > Music of the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Periods > Flashcards

Music of the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Periods Flashcards

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1
Q

When is the Medieval period?

A

700-1400 AD

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2
Q

The medieval period is also known as?

A

The dark ages or the middle ages

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3
Q

When did the Medieval period start?

A

The fall of the roman empire

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4
Q

During the medieval period what did the Christian church influence?

A

Europe’s Culture and Political affairs

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5
Q

What is the other name for the Gregorian chant and who is it named after?

A

Monophonic Plainchant; Pope Gregory I

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6
Q

What is the Gregorian Chant for?

A

political matters and liturgy

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7
Q

The Gregorian chant was transmitted originally in what way?

A

orally

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8
Q

What notation is used to disseminate the chant across Europe?

A

Neume Notation

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9
Q

What are the Characterristics of the Gregorian Chant?

A

Monophonic, Free Meter, Modal, Based on Latin Liturgy, uses the Neume notation

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10
Q

What is monophonic?

A

vocal music; one sound; sung by people with no accompaniment of harmony or chords

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11
Q

What is free meter?

A

a piece of music with no beat

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12
Q

What is church modal?

A

highest change of tone is four notes

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13
Q

What is the mother of all musical symbols?

A

Neume notation

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14
Q

Music on the Medieval period not bound by the Christian Church?

A

Secular Music

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15
Q

When did the Troubadour music emerge?

A

during the latter part of the Medieval Period

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16
Q

What is a group of musicians that perform Secular Music across Europe?

A

Troubadours

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of Troubadour music?

A

Usually monophonic, Sometimes with improvised accompaniment, Tells of chivalry and courtly love, Originated from France, Written in French Music

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18
Q

What is the nickname of Adam de la Halle?

A

Adam le Bossu or Adam the Hunchback

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19
Q

Who is Adam de la Halle’s Father?

A

Henri de la Halle

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20
Q

Who is Henri de la Halle?

A

a well-known citizen of Arras

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21
Q

Where did Adam de la Halle receive his education?

A

Cistercian Alley of Vaucelles, near Cambral

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22
Q

What is Adam de la Halle’s supposed-to-be job?

A

He was destined for the Church, he wanted to be a monk

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23
Q

Why didn’t Adam get his dream job?

A

Because he was married

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24
Q

Who were the Patrons of Adam?

A

Robert II
Count of Artois
Charles of Anjou(brother of Louis IX)

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25
Q

What is included in the musical and literary works of Adam?

A

Chansons and Poetic Debates

-Jeux Partis in the style of the trouveres, polyphonic rondes, and motets

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26
Q

What is the other name for poetic debates?

A

Jeux Partis

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27
Q

Adam de la Halle was a?

A

Trouvere, poet and musician

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28
Q

What is a chanson?

A

a french song

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29
Q

What are the works of Adam?

A

Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion and La Chanson du roi de Sicile

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30
Q

What was the earliest surviving secular french play with music?

A

Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion

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31
Q

Why did the Christians asked help from the Francs? real and unreal reason

A

To make them stronger; money

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32
Q

The day of wrath is a?

A

Gregorian Chant

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33
Q

What are the 2 types of music during the Medieval era?

A

Chansons and Gregorian Chants

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34
Q

When is the Renaissance Period?

A

1400-1600

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35
Q

Renaissance comes from the word ___, which means what?

A

renaitre; rebirth, rediscovery, and revival

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36
Q

The renaissance period is the golden ages of?

A

acapella choral music

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37
Q

The renaissance period is the period of?

A

looking back to the golden age of Greece and Rome

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38
Q

What invention paved the way for a wide distribution of renaissance compositions?

A

Printing Press

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39
Q

What is the Bourgeois class?

A

belong to the middle class

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40
Q

What was the prominent instrument of the renaissance era?

A

Lute

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41
Q

During the renaissance period, the power of the Christian Church?

A

Declined

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42
Q

What are the happenings during the renaissance era?

A

Discovery of the actual position of earth in the solar system by Copernicus, Invention of the Compass, Martin Luther’s Protestant Reformation

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43
Q

What are the characteristics of Renaissance Music?

A

Mostly polyphonic, Imitation among the voices is common, Use of word painting in texts and music, Melodic lines move in a flowing manner, and Melodies are easier because the move along a scale with a few large laps

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44
Q

What is polyphonic?

A

-Many sounds

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45
Q

What are the 2 kinds of vocal music of the Renaissance Period?

A

Mass and Madrigal

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46
Q

What is the mass?

A

is a form of sacred musical compositions that sets texts of the Eucharistic liturgy into music

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47
Q

What are the sections of mass? and their English meaning?

A 
Kyrie(Lord have Mercy)
Gloria(Glory to God in the Highest)
Credo(I believe in one god)
Sanctus and Benidictus(Holy, Holy and Blessed is he)
Agnus Dei(Lamb of God)
48
Q

What are the Characteristics of Mass music?

A

Polyphonic, May may sung acapella or with orchestral accompaniment, Text may be syllabic(one), neumatic(few), and melismatic(many)

49
Q

What is a madrigal?

A

a secular vocal polyphonic music composition which originated from Italy

50
Q

What are the characteristics of madrigal music?

A

Polyphonic, Sung acapella, Through-composed, Frequently in 3-6 voices

51
Q

When is the Baroque Period?

A

1685 – 1750

52
Q

Where is the word Baroque derived and what does that word mean?

A

barroco which means pearl of irregular shape

53
Q

During the Baroque period, the arts highlighted what?

A

grandiose and elaborate ornamentation

54
Q

What tonalities were made in the baroque period?

A

Major and Minor tonality

55
Q

Melodies in the baroque period are?

A

sound elaborate and ornamental and are

not easy to sing or remember

56
Q

What are the music genres of the baroque period?

A

operas, oratorios, suites, tocatas, concertó grosso, fugue

57
Q

What are the new forms in the baroque period?

A

binary – AB, ternary – ABC, ground bass, fugue

58
Q

What are the keyboard instruments that are commonly used in the baroque period?

A

• Harpsichord and organ

59
Q

Music Genres of Baroque Music ?

A 
Concerto
Concerto Grosso 
Fugue
Oratorio 
Chorale
60
Q

In the baroque period, the orchestra is composed of?

A

strings and continuo

61
Q

A form of orchestral music that employs a solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra.

A

Concerto

62
Q

A form of orchestral music during the Baroque Period wherein the music is between a small group of solo instruments called concertino and the whole orchestra called tutti

A

Concerto Grosso

63
Q

A contrapuntal piece, developed mainly by imitative counterpoint. It is usually written in 3 or 4 parts, with a main theme called ―subject. The entire piece grows mainly from a single brief tune of strong musical character

A

Fugue

64
Q

a large scale musical composition for orchestra and voices that incorporates narratives on religious themes. Unlike usual theatrical works, this is usually performed without the use of costumes, scenery, or action. It is usually written in the native language for the intended audience.

A

Oratorio

65
Q

What are Handel’s Oratorios?

A

‘Messiah’, ‘Samson’, ‘Israel’, and ‘Egypt’

66
Q

What is Haydn’s Oratorio?

A

The Creation

67
Q

What is Bach’s oratorio?

A

Christmas oratorio

68
Q

Johann Sebastian Bach came from a family of what?

A

musicians

69
Q

Who taught J.S. Bach to play the violin?

A

his father who was then the town musician in Eisanach

70
Q

At what age did Bach enter school?

A

7

71
Q

Bach became an orphan at what age?

A

10

72
Q

Who provided for Bach?

A

His brother, a church organist

73
Q

At what school did he go accepted in? what helped him?

A

Luӥeberg; his beautiful soprano voice

74
Q

What did Bach do after his voice change?

A

Bach focused his attention to playing the violin and harpsichord

75
Q

Bach was what kind of man?

A

Religious

76
Q

Bach is known for his?

A

Compositions for the Organ, Oratorios, and Orchestra

77
Q

Bach’s most important and long term position was?

A

a cantor at St. Thomas Church

78
Q

What are Bach’s works for Concerto grosso? Mass? Cantatas? Fugues? Works for the Clavichord and harpsichord?

A
  • Concerto Grosso e.g. Brandenburg Concertos (concerto grosso)
  • Masses e.g. Mass in B minor
  • Cantatas e.g. Cantata 208 and 211
  • Fugues e.g. Fugue in G minor, Toccata and Fugue in D minor
  • Works for clavichord and harpsichord e.g. Well-Tempered Clavier (one of his more well known ketboard improvisations)
79
Q

He was an Italian Baroque composer, Catholic priest and a virtuoso violinist, what is his name and Nickname??

A

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi , nicknamed il Prete Rosso (“The Red Priest”)

80
Q

Why is he ncknames El Prete Rosso?

A

Because of his red hair

81
Q

Recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers, his influence during his lifetime was widespread over Europe

A

Antonio Vivaldi

82
Q

Vivaldi is known mainly for?

A

composing instrumental concertos, especially for the violin, as well as sacred choral works and over forty operas

83
Q

When was Vivaldi ordained?

A

1703

84
Q

What is Vivaldi known for?

A

giving the strings a major role in his compositions

85
Q

What is Vivaldi’s most famous composition?

A

The Four Seasons

86
Q

George Händel was the ? son from the ? marriage of a ?

A

second; second; pastor

87
Q

Handel secretly taught himself to play what?

A

The harpsichord

88
Q

At what age did he get the access to the church organ?

A

7

89
Q

Who gave Handel a proper education and why?

A

A duke; because he heard Handel play the organ

90
Q

Under who did he studied counterpoint, canon and fugue.

A

Under Zachau, organist of Halle cathedral

91
Q

Handel is remembered for what?

A

his operas and oratorios

92
Q

Who is England’s favorite composer?

A

George Handel

93
Q

When did Handel lose both of his eyesight?

A

1753

94
Q

When he conducted his oratorio, ―?,” a few in the audience were unaware that he had lost his eyesight

A

Samson

95
Q

The ? is Handel’s most famous creation

A

Messiah

96
Q

The Messiah was written in the space of ? days in ? but it was in ? when The Messiah was first performed and became an instant success

A

24; London; Dublin

97
Q

Who is said to be the greatest master of Roman Catholic Church music during the renaissance era?

A

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

98
Q

What are the majority of Palestrina’s compositions?

A

Sacred Music

99
Q

Palestrina was committed to ? and has a

keen interest in ?

A

sacred music; satisfying the desires of church leaders in the sixteenth
century

100
Q

What is held up as the perfect example

of counter - reformation style?

A

Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass

101
Q

What is part of the first two sections of the Pope

Marcellus Mass?

A

Kyrie

102
Q

Palestrina’s career reflects his commitment to the?

A

music of the church

103
Q

Palestrina received his early training and spent the majority of his career in?

A

various churches in Rome, including the pope’s chapel

104
Q

Palestrina was as an ? at both the ? which may have influenced his distinctively pure and restrained style in musical compositions.

A

organist and choir master; Sistine Chapel and at St. Peter’s

105
Q

Palestrina also served as an?

A

organist in St. Agapito

106
Q

What was Palestrina’s first book? who appreciated it?

A

Masses; Pope Julius III

107
Q

Palestrina has ? sons but lost them during the?

A

two; plague epidemic that struck Rome in 1570’s

108
Q

He had planned to become a ? but eventually

changed his mind and ?

A

priest;married a wealthy widow

109
Q

Where is Thomas Morley born? His father was a?

A

Norwich, East England; brewer

110
Q

Morley was a ? from his boyhood, and he became what and when?

A

singer in the local cathedral; master of choristers there in 1583

111
Q

Who was the most famous composer of

secular music in his time?

A

Thomas Morley

112
Q

Morley Studied music with? and who is he?

A

with William Byrd, an

Elizabethan composer of sacred music

113
Q

Morley received his Bachelor’s degree in

? and became an organist at ?

A

Oxford; St. Paul’s in London

114
Q

Most of Morley’s madrigals are?

A

light and easy to sing with some aspects of Italian style

115
Q

What book by Morley is a collection of Italian madrigals fitted with English text? When and Who published it?

A

Musica Transalpina; 1588 by Nicholas Yonge

116
Q

Morley’s works include?

A 
 Fire, Fire, My Heart
 Sing and Chant It
 Fantasie
 April Is In My Mistress‟ Face
 It Was A Lover and His Lass

ARTS and MUSIC 9 (2 decks)

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