Music Midterm Ai Flashcards
What is the pattern to create a major scale?
WWHWWWH
How do you create a natural minor scale?
Follow the pattern WHWWHWW or lower the 3rd, 6th, and 7th scale degrees of the corresponding major scale by a half step.
What is the order of sharps in key signatures?
F, C, G, D, A, E, B
How can the name of a key be derived from sharps?
Look at the last sharp and go up one whole step.
How do you find the relative minor scale from a major scale?
Count up six scale degrees or count backwards by three scale degrees.
What is the order of flats in key signatures?
B, E, A, D, G, C, F
How can the name of a key be derived from flats?
Look at the second to last flat.
Ionian
Major Scale
What are generic intervals?
The distance between two notes, determined by counting spaces and lines.
What are specific intervals?
Intervals that depend on sound; 1st, 4th, 5th, and 8th are perfect; 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 7th are major.
What is diatonic intervals?
Intervals that are always in the key of the starting note.
What is a cappella music?
Music sung only by voice, without instrumental accompaniment.
What is a motet?
A polyphonic choral piece that is sacred.
Who composed ‘Ave Maria… virgo serena’?
Josquin des Prez
What are the five movements of the Mass?
- Kyrie
- Gloria
- Credo
- Sanctus
- Agnus Dei
What is the significance of Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina’s Gloria?
It expresses mercy and is written for 6 voices with staggered entries.
What did Martin Luther start?
The Reformation
What was the purpose of the Council of Trent?
To address issues in the Church, including the understanding of sacred lyrics.
What are French chansons and Italian/English madrigals?
Secular music forms that enhance poetry.
What characterizes madrigals?
Multiple voices based on descriptive poetry, often a cappella.
What does through-composed mean in music?
Every line has its own specific melody.
Who wrote ‘Il bianco e dolce cigno’?
Jacques Arcadelt
What are the characteristics of the Baroque period?
- Contrast in styles
- Growth of orchestras
- Shift from modality to functional tonality
What is monody?
A solo song with instrumental accompaniment.
What is figured bass?
A type of notation indicating chords above or below bass notes.
What is basso continuo?
Accompaniment using two instruments: one for bass line and another for harmonies.
What is equal temperament?
Adjustment of intervals in an octave to allow playing in every major or minor scale.
What is the doctrine of affections?
The idea that every piece conveys a single emotion.
What is a concerto?
An instrumental form based on the opposition of different sound bodies.
What is the structure of a solo concerto?
Three movements (fast-slow-fast).
What is Vivaldi’s ‘Four Seasons’?
An example of a solo concerto with programmatic elements.
What is word painting in music?
Musical techniques that reflect the literal meaning of lyrics.
Dorian
Minor scale with raised 6th
Phrygian
Minor scale with lowered 2nd
Lydian
Major with raised 4th
Mixolydian
Major with lowered 7th
Aeolian
Natural minor scale
Locrian
Natural minor with lowered 2nd and 5th
