Music History Test 1

Question 1

Opera bouffe

Answer 1

Emphasized the smart witty elements of opera comiquie
The French Gov controlled the Opera houses and this was outside of their control
Can Can dance
Founder Jacques Offenbach

Question 2

Operetta

Answer 2

light opera in Austria, England, US
spoken dialog same as opera bouffe
funny romantic
Strauss the Younger
Gilbert and Sullivan-Pirates of Penzance

Question 3

Gilbert ans Sullivan

Answer 3

operetta of England. Pked fun at grand opera

Mocked the opening of ActIII of Les Huguenots

Question 4

New German School

Answer 4

1859 the group of new German composers leading the new developments
5 composers: Liszt, Bruckner, Wolf, Strauss, R., Mahler

Question 5

Anton Bruckner

Answer 5

Wagnerian
900 symphonies
A cappella motes modal and modulations

Question 6

Hugo Wolf

Answer 6

Wagnerian
lied (romantic poem) with piano, both voices equal
chromatic saturation- a lot of chromatasism

Question 7

Richard Strauss

Answer 7

Wagnerian
conductor, opera, drew from personal life, best know for tone poems
Operas- 1905 Salome based on an oscar Wilde play

Question 8

Tone Poem

Answer 8

aka symphonic poem, program music conveys a poem, story or idea.
Strauss two types
a. Philosophical-life/death transfiguration “Also sprach Zarathustra”
b.Representational/descriptive- Don Quixote

Question 9

Gustav Mahler

Answer 9

Intense conductor
Used voice and orchestra together
Music is a bold personal statement, huge orchestras required “Symphony of a THousand” using the pallet of sounds selective with who was playing
Envisioned music as art of sound not just notes. Bridged 1st Venia with 2nd Venia schools.

Question 10

Mahler Symphony #4

Answer 10

Sonat, Scherzo, Slow, Solo voice Orchestra
different key E to start ended in G
Combined romantic fantasy with classical and modern like the art work of the time

Question 11

National Society of Music

Answer 11

Controlled by French Government there are two traditions
A. The Cosmoploitian- Cesar Frank, more modern but influenced by past composers, Wagner harmonies
B. French Tradition = Gabriel Faure, influenced by other french composers, order and restraint, subtle, more lyrical and dance than dramatic

Question 12

Cesar Frank

Answer 12

Cosmopolitan school - organ player blanded Bach countepoint, Wagner harmony, and Liszt
Modern French chamber music cyclical

Question 13

Gabriel Faure

Answer 13

Sonorous, restrained, lyrical

Most famous for Requiem later developed a style built on Dom7 and 9 that melted into next chord by use of common tones

Question 14

Debussy

Answer 14

french tradition influenced as well as the russian 5, medieval music, organum, and Asia.
More of a symbolist than impressionist. created by use of motives, harmony, exotic scales. used chromaticism but not the urge to resolve. wrote piano and orchestral music-specific instruments played a motive, large orchestras, tone color, Art of sound

Question 15

Ravel

Answer 15

more neo classical than impressionist. more dissonance . Descriptive titles, wrote for piano, strings, orchestra, Bolero
drew on all influences mixing diatonic and exotic scales in fountian

Question 16

Impressionist

Answer 16

having a detached pov, vagueness, creating a mood not hard lines and angles , conceived by french painters

Question 17

Nationalism

Answer 17

the embracing by composers of their nations by using traditional folk and dance music in their works, giving

Question 18

de Falla

Answer 18

Spanish nationalistic, arranged folk song, wrote operas incorporating dance rhythms,

Question 19

Vaughan Williams

Answer 19

published folk songs, studied with Ravel, influenced by Handel and Bach, wrote both art and practical music.
Famous: Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tails,

Question 20

Sibelius

Answer 20

Finland, took national epic Kaleval treated as a tone poem most famous: Finlandia

Question 21

Rachmaninov

Answer 21

not nationalistic left to the US after revolution 1917. Pianist used russian traditions. Symphoine- isle of dead, the bells. Piano works- Rhapsody on a theme of paganini.Romantic based not creative harmony , representing the old in new ways

Question 22

Scriabin

Answer 22

wrote in the manner of Chopin( nocturnes, preludes, etudes) Employed the harmony’s of Liszt and Wagner