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Music History 1 > Music History 1: Unit 1 > Flashcards

Music History 1: Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

A metrical unit containing a fixed number of beats; separated on the staff by bar lines.

A

measure

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2
Q

a fixed pattern of strong and weak beats.

A

meter

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3
Q

time signatures in which each beat contains two subdivisions.

A

simple time

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4
Q

time signatures in which each beat contains three (rather than two) subdivisons.

A

compound time

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5
Q

a deliberate shifting of the musical accent to a weak beat.

A

syncopation

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6
Q

an upbeat, or the last beat of a measure anticipating the downbeat.

A

anacrusis

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7
Q

the highness or lowness of a particular sound.

A

pitch

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8
Q

the distance between the highest and lowest notes of a melody.

A

range

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9
Q

the distance between any two pitches.

A

interval

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10
Q

melodies that contain many leaps and changes of direction.

A

disjunct

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11
Q

melodies that move mostly in a stepwise direction.

A

conjunct

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12
Q

a series of consecutive pitches that forma musical unit, much like a sentence.

A

phrase

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13
Q

a short melodic or rhythmic fragment used to build a melody.

A

motive

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14
Q

a combination of three or more pitches that create a unit of harmony.

A

chord

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15
Q

a three-note chord that consists of a root, third and fifth

A

triad

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16
Q

melodies/harmonies built from the notes of a major or minor scale.

A

diatonic

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17
Q

melodies/harmonies that include all the notes available within the octave; from the Greek word for “color”.

A

chromatic

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18
Q

an agreeable combination of tones that provides a sense of relaxation and stability.

A

consonance

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19
Q

a combination of tones that sounds discordant, thus crating restlessness and a sense of instability.

A

dissonance

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20
Q

the rate (frequency) of chord changes per measure.

A

harmonic rhythm

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21
Q

a specific combination of two chords that provide moments of rest at the ends of phrases, much like punctuation.

A

cadence

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22
Q

combination of two or more melodic lines.

A

*counterpoint

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23
Q

single line of unaccompanied melody.

A

*monophonic texture

24
Q

single line of melody supported by a harmonic accompaniment.

A

*homophonic texture

25
Q

combination of two or more melodic lines, also referred to as counterpoint.

A

*polyphonic texture

26
Q
  • the level of volume in music
  • traditionally indicated with Italian terms or symbols
A

dynamics

27
Q
  • tone-color
  • the quality of sound specific to a voice or instrument for example, the silvery sound of a celesta, the nasal tone of an oboe.
A

timbre

28
Q
  • the speed at which music is performed
  • traditionally indicated with Italian terms
A

tempo

29
Q
  • the classification of a composition type
  • includes categories such as sonata, symphony, and opera
A

genre​

30
Q
  • Latin for “work”
  • usually abbreviated op.
  • indicates the order in which a composer’s works were published
A

opus

31
Q

High female voice in a choir

A

soprano

32
Q

low female voice in a choir

A

alto

33
Q

high male voice in a choir

A

tenor

34
Q

low male voice in a choir

A

bass

35
Q

a male voice with a range that straddles the tenor and bass ranges.

A

baritone

36
Q

a female voice with a range that straddles the soprano and alto ranges

A

mezzo-soprano

37
Q

a high female voice trained to execute rapid passages demanding great agility.

A

coloratura soprano

38
Q
  • a keyboard instrument dating back to the Middle Ages
  • often associated with church music
  • sound is generated by air passing through pipes or reeds
A

organ

39
Q
  • a keyboard instrument popular from the late 16th through 18th centuries.
  • sound is generated by small quills inside the instrument that pluck the strings.
A

harpsichord

40
Q
  • a small keyboard instrument popular from the late 16th through 18th centuries.
  • sound is generated by small metal tangents that strike the strings inside the instrument.
A

clavichord

41
Q
  • a keyboard instrument invented in the early 18th century. Sound is generated by hammers inside the instrument that strike the strings.
  • invented by an inventor named Christofori
A

piano

42
Q
  • a device (usually with a keyboard) that generates and modifies sounds electronically.
  • Robert Moog popularized the synthesizer int he 1960’s.
A

synthesizer

43
Q

Name some examples of single reed woodwind instruments

A

Modern: clarinet & saxophone

Historical: Hornpipe

Traditional: Double clarinet (Middle Eastern)

44
Q

Name some double reed instruments

A

oboe, bassoon

45
Q

Name some pitched percussion instruments

A

xylophone, glockenspiel, timpani, celesta

46
Q

Name some unpitched percussion instruments

A

bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, castanets, triangle, tambourines

47
Q

Name the instruments of a string quartet

A

Violin 1

Violin 2

Viola

Cello

48
Q

What are the instruments in a piano trio?

A

Violin

piano

cello

49
Q

What instruments are in a woodwind quintet

A

flute

oboe

clarinet

bassoon

French horn (exception: includes one brass instrument)

50
Q

What instruments are in a brass quintet?

A

`Trumpet 1

Trumpet 2

French horn

Trombone

Tuba

51
Q

Who is the Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra written by?

A

Benjamin Britten

52
Q

In the Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra, how many times is the principal them stated?

A

six times

53
Q

Name the orchestral families that are stated in the Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra. Include the full orchestra as well.

A

full orchestra

woodwinds

brass

strings

percussion

full orchestra

54
Q

Name the solo instruments featured in the 13 variations of the Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra

A
  1. flutes, piccolos
  2. oboes
  3. clarinets
  4. bassoons
  5. violins
  6. violas
  7. cellos
  8. double basses
  9. harp
  10. French horns
  11. trumpets

12 trombones, tubas

  1. timpini, bass drum, cymbals, snare drums, woodblock, gong etc.
55
Q

Where does the theme in the Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra come from?

A

It comes from a dance tune by English Baroque composer Henry Purcell

56
Q

Name some famous concert pianists?

A

Sviatoslav Richter, Alfred Brendel, Vladimer Horowitz, Arthur Rubenstein, Andras Schiff, Angela Hewitt,
Lang Lang etc.

Music History 1 (2 decks)

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