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Music Gaps Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the chords based on a the 2nd 3rd and 6th degrees of a major scale?

A

These are secondary chords and are Minor.

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1
Q

What are the chords based on a the 1st 4th and 5th degree of a major scale?

A

These are primary chords and are Major.

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2
Q

What is the chord based on the 7th degree of a major scale?

A

A diminished chord.

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3
Q

What does an augmented chord have?

A

A #5

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4
Q

What does a diminished chord have?

A

A b5

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5
Q

What is the primary use of a diminished chord?

A

It is used to modulate (change key)

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6
Q

What is the primary use of a augmented chord?

A

Used for variation.

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7
Q

What is a pedal note?

A

A single note sustained in the Bass with different chords played on top.

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8
Q

What are monophonic, polyphonic and homophonic melodies?

A

Monophonic - 1 Instrument or voice.

Homophonic - Same text and rhythm for every voice

Polyphonic - also known as contrapuntal two or more voices against each-other - counterpointed.

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9
Q

What is Ternary form?

A

ABA, also known as sandwich form.

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10
Q

What is a Fuge?

A

Polyphonic composition where the theme enters each voice.

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11
Q

What is an overture?

A

The opening to an opera, ballet etc.

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12
Q

What is the I chord?

A

The Tonic chord.

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13
Q

What is the ii chord?

A

The supersonic.

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14
Q

What is the iii chord?

A

The mediant

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15
Q

What is the IV chord?

A

The subdominant.

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16
Q

What is the V chord?

A

The dominant.

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17
Q

What is the vi chord?

A

The submediant.

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18
Q

What is the vii chord?

A

The leading note.

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19
Q

What is a perfect cadence and its inerrant sound?

A

A V-I chord movement.

Sounds Final.

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20
Q

What is an imperfect cadence and it’s inerrant sound?

A

A ?-V chord movement.

An unfinished sound.

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21
Q

What is a plagal cadence and its’s inherent sound?

A

A IV-I chord movement.

A doubly final “Amen” sound.

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22
Q

What is an interrupted cadence and its inerrant sound?

A

A V-vi chord movement

a “surprise” sound.

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30
Q

What does arco mean?

A

String instruments are to play using a bow.

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31
Q

What does pizzicato mean?

A

String instruments are to be played by plucking the strings.

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32
Q

How is a piece marked cantabile to be played?

A

In singing style.

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33
Q

How is a piece marked con sordino to be played (strings only)

A

Played softly with muted strings.

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34
Q

How should a piece marked dolce be played?

A

Sweetly

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35
Q

How should a piece marked Expressivo be played?

A

Expressively.

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36
Q

How should a piece marked grandioso be played?

A

Grandly in a regal manner.

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37
Q

How should a piece marked grazioso be played?

A

Gracefully.

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38
Q

How should a piece marked Marcato be played?

A

In a marked, accented manner.

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39
Q

How should a piece marked maestoso be played?

A

Majestically.

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40
Q

How should a piece marked leggiero be played?

A

Lightly

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41
Q

What are the dynamics, quietest to loudest?

A 
Pianissimo (pp) - very soft
Piano (p) - softly
Mezzo piano (mp) - fairly soft
Mezzo forte (mf) - fairly loud
Forte (F) - loud
Fortissimo (FF) - very loud.
42
Q

What does 8ve mean?

A

To play the passage an octave higher.

43
Q

What does antiphonal mean?

A

Question and answer style.

44
Q

What is A Capella?

A

To play unaccompanied.

45
Q

What is a contrapuntal or polyphonic peice?

A

Two or more instruments or voices against eachother.

46
Q

What is a countermelody?

A

One tune against another.

47
Q

What is a homophonic peice?

A

All voices together.

48
Q

What is the meaning of being “in cannon”

A

All voices or instruments copy eachother.

49
Q

What is an ostinato?

A

A short repeated phrase.

50
Q

What is a pedal note?

A

A repeated or sustained note usually in the bass.

51
Q

What is a drone?

A

A 2 note pedal.

52
Q

What is sequence?

A

A series of notes played higher or lower.

53
Q

What is the subject of a peice?

A

Its theme/tune/melody.

54
Q

What is syncopation?

A

An offbeat accent.

55
Q

What is the tonality of a peice?

A

It’s key I.e Fmaj or D minor.

56
Q

What is an atonal peice?

A

A piece with no key.

57
Q

What does tutti mean?

A

All play or sing.

58
Q

What does it mean to play in unison.

A

Exactly the same thin played on 2 or more voices.

59
Q

What is a madrigal?

A

An old fashioned unaccompanied love-song.

60
Q

What is a Motet?

A

A short, sacred choral work?

61
Q

What is a strophic song?

A

Chorus verse chorus verse… Etc.

62
Q

What does through composed mean?

A

A song with no definite form.

63
Q

What is the middle eight?

A

Usually 8 bars in a song that offer contrast.

64
Q

What is a ground bass?

A

An ostinato in the bass.

65
Q

What is binary form?

A

Music with 2 sections -AB

66
Q

What is ternary or sandwich form?

A

ABA

(AABA) extended ternary form.

67
Q

What is Rondo form?

A

Music with a returning theme and several episodes.

-ABACADAE… Etc

68
Q

What is sonata form?

A

A piece with a Exposition, development and recapitulation.

69
Q

What is a suite?

A

A collection of pieces linked by a connecting theme I.e the planets.

70
Q

What is an overture?

A

An orchestrat introduction to something like an opera.

71
Q

What is an Oratorio?

A

A full scale religious or choral work.

72
Q

What is a cantata?

A

A shorter choral work.

73
Q

What is a symphony?

A

A show off piece for the entire orchestra (all instruments have equal roles)

74
Q

What is a concherto?

A

A work for a soloist with an orchestral accompaniment.

75
Q

What is a sonata?

A

A mini symphony for one instrument

76
Q

Give some features of renaissance music and name some composers.

A

Mainly church music and unaccompanied madrigals.

Byrd, Gibbons

77
Q

Give some features of Baroque music and name some composers.

A

Decorative and ornate music. Contrapuntal in style harpsichord and strings prominent.

Handel, Bach.

78
Q

Give some features of classical music and name some composers.

A

Harmonic style absolute as opposed to program music, composers obsessed with form and set patterns.

Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.

79
Q

Give some features of romantic music and name some composers.

A

Program, descriptive music with emotions prominent.

Schubert, Mendelssohn, Chopin.

80
Q

Give some features of modern music and name some composers.

A

Harmonic principles taken to extremes. Electronic music originates

Schoenberg, Webern, Stravinsky.

81
Q

What does stretto mean?

A

Close imitation.

82
Q

What is rhythmic augmentation?

A

Longer note values in the theme

83
Q

What is rhythmic diminution?

A

Sorter note values.

84
Q

What is Motivic development?

A

Thematic development.

85
Q

What is a tierce de picardie?

A

A minor tune ending on a I chord.

93
Q

How is a price marked allegro or vivace to be played?

A

Fast

94
Q

How is a piece marked presto to be played?

A

Very fast.

95
Q

How Is a price marked moderato to be played?

A

At a moderate speed.

96
Q

How is a peice marked andante to be played.

A

At walking speed.

99
Q

How is a peace marked grave or largo to be played?

A

Very slowly.

100
Q

How is a piece marked adagio or lento to be played?

A

Slowly

101
Q

How is a price marked rubato to be played?

A

In free time (own interpretation)

Music (3 decks)

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