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Music > Music Elements > Flashcards

Music Elements Flashcards

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1
Q

form

A

The structure of a composition, the frame upon which it is constructed; based upon repetition, contrast, and variation.

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2
Q

through-composed

A

Song form that is composed from beginning to end without repetitions of any major sections; each verse having its own, unique melody.

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3
Q

strophic form

A

Song structure in which every verse of the text is sung to the same musical tune.

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4
Q

theme and variations

A

A style of composition that first presents a basic theme and then develops and alters that theme in successive statements.

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5
Q

rondo form

A

Term referring to a form of composition in which the first section recurs after the second section is performed in an A-B-A style. Could have more sections arranged: A-B-A-B-A, or A-B-A-C-A, etc.

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6
Q

binary form

A

Two-part (A - B) structure of music; usually each part is repeated.

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7
Q

ternary form

A

A compositional form which consists of three major sections, generally an A section which states the thematic material, a B section which presents a contrasting theme, and a final A section which restates the opening thematic material.

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8
Q

sonata-allegro form

A

A form that consists of an exposition, followed by a development and a recapitulation.

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9
Q

texture

A

Term which refers to the vertical structure of a composition. That is to say, how many parts or voices there are, what the configuration (close, open, etc.) of the voices is, how the voices interact, etc.

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10
Q

monophonic

A

Music that is written for only one voice or part.

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11
Q

homophonic

A

A style of composition in which there is one melody, and all the voices and accompaniments move rhythmically together.

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12
Q

polyphonic

A

Music composed for many parts or voices, each with its own melody, thus creating a rich texture of sound.

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13
Q

counterpoint

A

The art of combining two or more melodies to be performed simultaneously and musically. The melody is supported by another melody rather than by chords.

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14
Q

canon

A

Strict counterpoint in which each voice exactly imitates the previous voice at a fixed distance.

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15
Q

round

A

A type of canon which starts off with a single voice or instrument on the melody, followed at intervals by the other voices which enter individually and perform exactly the same melody, thus forming a polyphonic harmony out of a simple melody.

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16
Q

fugue

A

A form of composition in which a theme or subject is introduced by one voice, and is imitated by other voices in succession.

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17
Q

subject

A

The melody upon which a fugue is based; a melody, motive, or theme.

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18
Q

countersubject

A

The secondary theme of a fugue, heard against the subject.

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19
Q

harmony

A

The combination of notes sounded simultaneously. Usually, this term is used to describe consonance, however, it can also be used to describe dissonance.

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20
Q

cadence

A

A stylized close in music which divides the music into periods or brings it to a full conclusion.

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21
Q

chord

A

The sounding of two or more notes (usually at least three) simultaneously

22
Q

diatonic

A

Proceeding in the order of the octave or key.

23
Q

chromatic

A

Any music or chord that contains notes not belonging to the diatonic scale. Music which proceeds in half steps.

24
Q

consonance

A

Pleasing, sweet, harmonious. An accord of sounds sweet and pleasing to the ear as opposed to dissonance.

25
Q

dissonance

A

Two or more notes sounded together which are discordant, and, in the prevailing harmonic system, REQUIRES RESOLUTION to a consonance.

26
Q

drone

A

Any note performed throughout a composition as a sustaining bass note.

27
Q

arpeggio

A

Playing the notes of a chord consecutively. A broken chord in which the individual notes are sounded one after the other instead of simultaneously.

28
Q

pitch

A

The specific quality of a sound that makes it a recognizable tone. The location of a tone in relation to others, thus giving it a sense of being high or low.

29
Q

timbre

A

The quality of a sound; that component of a tone that causes different instruments to sound different from each other while they are both playing the same note.

30
Q

melody

A

A tune; a succession of tones comprised of mode, rhythm, and pitches so arranged as to achieve musical shape, being perceived as a unity by the mind.

31
Q

conjunct

A

Smooth, connected melody that moves principally in stepwise motion.

32
Q

disjunct

A

A melodic line that moves by leaps and skips rather than in steps.

33
Q

phrase

A

A musical unit, often a component of a melody. May be regarded as a dependent division of music, such as a single line of poetry; it does not have a sense of completion in itself.

34
Q

contour

A

The shape of the melody, whether it moves up or down and how much it moves.

35
Q

theme

A

The musical basis upon which a composition is built.

36
Q

motif

A

A short tune or musical figure that characterizes and unifies a composition. It can be of any length, but is usually only a few notes long.

37
Q

octave

A

An interval spanning seven diatonic degrees, eleven semitones. From C to C.

38
Q

cresendo

A

A directive to a performer to smoothly increase the volume of a particular phrase or passage.

39
Q

diminuendo

A

A directive to a performer to smoothly decrease the volume of the specific passage of a composition.

40
Q

rhythm

A

The controlled movement of music in time. The division of music into regular metric portions

41
Q

meter

A

The grouping of beats into regular patterns.

42
Q

tempo

A

The speed of the rhythm of a composition measured in beats per minute.

43
Q

andante

A

A tempo marking between largo and moderato. This tempo typically has between 76 and 108 beats per minute

44
Q

moderato

A

A directive to perform the indicated passage of a composition in a moderate tempo; moderately, restrained.

45
Q

allegro

A

A fast tempo marking between allegretto and vivace.

46
Q

presto

A

A directive to perform the indicated passage of a composition very quickly.

47
Q

accelerando

A

Gradually accelerating or getting faster.

48
Q

ritardano

A

Gradual slowing of the tempo, or to gradually delay the tempo

49
Q

accent

A

A stress or special emphasis on a beat

50
Q

syncopation

A

Deliberate upsetting of the meter or pulse of a composition by means of a temporary shifting of the accent to a weak beat or an off-beat. An accent in an unexpected place.

Music (1 decks)

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