music and emotion in arab world

Question 1

laments

Answer 1

universaldescending scales
small/normal range
wept song

Question 2

tarab

Answer 2

• concept of enchantment, musical ecstasy in Arabic music
• usually associated with vocal music but instrumental music can produce same effect
• Arabic music aims to draw emotion from its audience, tarab - move listener emotionally

Question 3

e.g. of tarab

Answer 3

e.g. samai bayati ibrahim
heterophony
magam mode (half notes used)
ritornello forms
natural flats and sharps
harmony and embellishment - compliment each other - call and response - cadences
modulation

Question 4

Takht

Answer 4

Arabic music ensemble similar to a Western string/chamber ensemble
oud, qanan, kamanjah/violin, ney riq/tabla/daff (frame drum)
melodic instruments may play heterophonically in octaves or play solos

Question 5

velvele

Answer 5

audience’s response to soloist

soloist expresses individuality and audience responds e.g. by making noise

Question 6

music social order

Answer 6

singers = most important, drummers = least
musical behaviour - cues for who plays next solo similar to jazz and Irish music - communication through musical behaviour shows music as socially organised sound

Question 7

concert

Answer 7

social and musical event

Question 8

musical lazimat

Answer 8

melodies to achieve wajd (spiritual ecstasy)
high tessitura - awj - musical and dramatic climax, highest point of piece - heavenly
modulations and other features within song used to achieve ecstasy as well

Question 9

hijazhar

Answer 9

deeply felt emotion

Question 10

a.j. Racy

Answer 10

alat (instrumental) and mutrib (singer) makes tarab
the singer is a master of emotion and can create wajd, has music and power (saltanach)
focuses on tarab (enchantment) - refers to the music and the feeling behind it

Question 11

emotions

Answer 11

inform how we see the world - can show through music

Question 12

Rouget

Answer 12

• “Arabic music has the power of inducing trance”, “words are charged with meaning”
• Racy comments that Rouget doesn’t see ecstatic value in non texted secular or sacred Arabic music
• focuses on trance music - music and power, ecstasy - how music can make people feel entranced, it is divine, can draw you in

Question 13

music and emotion

Answer 13

power to change mood/emotion and articulate feelings - used at weddings, funerals
Gamelan articulates social and political sound, ensembles paid for by Court shows Court’s political power demonstrating perhaps with this Court has power over emotions
communicate through music

Question 14

frame drum

Answer 14

Veronica Doubleday
men, music and power - downgraded “women’s instruments” - power over music and emotion for women?
middle east - frame drum/daff associated with women, now played by all