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Music Flashcards

1
Q

theremin

A

the performed regulates frequency with one hand and amplitude with another by disturbing the magnetic fields that surround the protruding bars

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2
Q

musique concrete

A

electronically generated sounds and sounds produced by live instruments recorded on tape, where they could be edited, manipulated, and mechanically recombined to form collages of sounds that are “performed” via speaker

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3
Q

where we the first practitioners of musique concrete at?

A

Paris

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4
Q

a single isolated music note has what 4 properties?

A

1) pitch
2) duration
3) volume
4) timbre

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5
Q

pitch

A

highness or lowness of a sound

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6
Q

“a pitch”

A

a sound whose highness or lowness does not change

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7
Q

octave

A

the distance between the next highest or lowest key

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8
Q

fundamental

A

loudest and strongest frequency in a note

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9
Q

overtones

A

faint presences of higher picthes in a note

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10
Q

famous centers for electronic music

A

New York City, Paris, Cologne, Rome

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11
Q

the highest sound wave when the string of a guitar is plucked

A

110 HZ

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12
Q

Equal temperament tuning

A

mathematical ratios are adjusted so that the octave is divided into 12 equal parts

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13
Q

chromatic scale

A

12 different sharp pitches in ascending order

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14
Q

half step

A

distance between any 2 consecutive pitches in a chromatic scale

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15
Q

flat

A

raised

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16
Q

flat

A

lowered

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17
Q

enharmonic

A

identical pitches with different names

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18
Q

in western tradition, on how many pitches in music based?

A

seven

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19
Q

scale

A

an arrangement, in ascending order, of the seven basic pitches from which a piece of music is constructed

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20
Q

what are the 4 main scales?

A

mayor and 3 types of minor

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21
Q

when writing a scale, what tone is repeated at the top as the last tone?

A

the first tone

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22
Q

leading tone

A

seventh scale degree

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23
Q

what does the seventh degree scale sound like to western ears?

A

begs to be resolved to the C above

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24
Q

in the c mayor scale and the melodies it uses, what is a C called?

A

anchor

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25
anchor
point of repose and completion
26
tonic pitch
the name namesake key of a scale
27
dominant pitch is also the-
fifth scale degree
28
dominant pitch
function as a second gravitational center that sets the melodies in place by pulling them away from the tonic
29
the "x" pitch may appear in a melody more times than a "y" pitch although the "y" pitch will remain the resting point
``` x= dominant y= tonic ```
30
interval
distance between any two pitches
31
in a scale, the intervals are-
1) small | 2) evenly spaced
32
half step
unit of measurement when describing any interval
33
a half tone is also called a -
semistep
34
harmonic
when 2 pitches occur simultaneously
35
melodic
when 2 pitches occur in sucession
36
ascending
lower pitch occurs first
37
descending
higher pitch occurs first
38
what intervals exceed an octave?
1) major and minor 9th | 2) major and minor 10th
39
the major and minor 9th and major and mayor 10th can be though as an
octave plus an m2 (13 half-steps), m4 (14 half-steps), m3 (15 half-steps), and m6 (16 half-steps)
40
scale
succession of whole and half-steps
41
Music
Sound organized in time
42
What is required for music?
1) time frame 2) sound waves 3) cognitive mind
43
Improvisation
Composition and performance
44
Sound
A wave of energy
45
What is a wave of energy composed of?
1) amplitude 2) frequency
46
Amplitude
Decibel levels
47
Decibel levels
How loud or soft a tone is
48
The greater the frequency if the sound wave-
The greater the pitch
49
The greater the pitch, the - of the sound wave
Frequency
50
When the frequency is between 20 and 20,000 cycles per second, what do human ears hear?
A single, sustained tone
51
Why does orchestral musician tune their instruments to in the United States?
A-440
52
What does A-440 mean?
440 Hz.
53
What does Hz. mean?
Cycles per second
54
What does a pure sine wave at 440 Hz sound like?
An A above middle C
55
What are the 2 kinds of musical sounds?
1) pitched | 2) non-pitched
56
ethnomusicologists
Modern term for people who study the music of other cultures, or those who study cultures comparably
57
Who organized instruments into 4 groups?
Curt Sachs and Erich van Hornbostel
58
What are the 4 original groups of instruments?
1) chrodophones 2) membranophpnes 3) idiophones 4) aerophones
59
Chrodophones
One or more strings are plucked, bowed or struck
60
What creates the sound in chrodophones?
The vibrating string
61
What are some examples of chordophones?
Violins, harps, guitars
62
Aerophones
Vibrating column of air
63
What are examples of aerophones?
Bras and wind, many varieties of horns and flutes
64
Membranophones
Skin or some other membrane stretched across a frame
65
What vibrates when a membranophone is strucked
The membrane
66
Idiophones
Body of the instrument itself vibrates when struck
67
Examples of idiophones
Bells, woodblocks, xylophones
68
What was the 5th instrument category?
Electrophones
69
Electrophones
Create sound waves using a mechanical device known as oscillator and dependent upon electricity
70
What are instrument family groups?
1) Strings 2) brass 3) woodwind 4) percussion 5) keyboard
71
Strings
String instruments usually bowed or plucked
72
Brass instruments
Aerophones made of metal
73
What makes brass instruments vibrate?
The performers buzzing lips
74
Woodwind instruments
Aerophones in which the column of air is moved by breath alone
75
Percussion instruments
Membranophones and idiophones, chords phones that are stuck rather than bowed or plucked
76
Ivan Susanin 'Glory Chorus' (epilogue)
Glinka
77
What part of the opera is the Glory Chorus?
Epilogue
78
Kamariskaya (excerpt)
Glinka
79
Symphony no. 2, I Allegro (excerpt)
Borodin
80
Boris Godinov, excerpt from Act IV (death scene)
Mussorgsky
81
Scheherazade, I. 'The Sea and Simbad's Ship' (excerpt)
Rimsky-Korsakov
82
Symphony no. 6, IV. Finale (excerpt)
Tchaikovsky
83
Piano concerto no. 2, I. Moderator (excerpt)
Rachmaninoff
84
Prometheus: Poem of Fire (excerpt)
Scriabin
85
Petruska, part I: The Shrovertide Fair
Stravinsky
86
Zavod (Iron Foundry)
Mosolov
87
Romeo and Juliet, "Romeon and Juliet Before Parting" (excerpt)
Prokofiev
88
Symphony no. 7, excerpt from movement 1 ("Invasion Episode")
Shostakovich
89
Octect, movement IV and V
Ustvolskaya
90
Concerto Grosso no. 1 II. Tocata
Schnittke

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