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Music Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Sheer Heart Attack released?

A

1974

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2
Q

What do the six introductory clicks mean? KK

A

Vocal anacrusis (upbeat)

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3
Q

Circle of fifths chord sequence: (KK)

A

(B20)A,Dm,G7,C

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4
Q

Structure of killer queen:

A

verse-chorus (pop song)

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5
Q

What is Porta mento?

A

A voice technique (sliding from one note to another)

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6
Q

Features that Freddy mercury uses on his vocals?

A

Overdubbing

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7
Q

Instruments featured in killer queen:

A

Vocals,piano,drum kit,bass guitar

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8
Q

What is falsetto?

A

Male high voice

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9
Q

What is the highest note in killer queen?

A

Bb on the word Queen

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10
Q

Harmonic device for killer queen?

A

Melody dominated homophony

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11
Q

Features of the guitar in killer queen

A

Pitch bend B30 , slide B34 and a palm mute B69

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12
Q

Where is the flanger effect in killer queen?

A

B17 (creates a swirling effect)

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13
Q

What is the key of killer queen?

A

Eb major/ c minor

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14
Q

Where is the descending chromatic baseline in killer queen?

A

Bars 7 to 9

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15
Q

Time signature of killer queen

A

12/8

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16
Q

Word setting of killer queen:

A

Mostly syllabic

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17
Q

Dynamics of killer queen:

A

Mezzo forte

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18
Q

What was Freddy mercury inspired by?

A

The drama of soap opera and 1974 glamour rock

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19
Q

Where are the triangle and wind chimes in killer queen?

A

Beat 1 of bar 29 and in 68

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20
Q

Other features of samba em preludio:

A
  • song written in 1962 by Baden Powell
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21
Q
  • Bossa nova
A
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22
Q
  • sung in Portuguese
A
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23
Q
  • Fusion of African and Brazilian music
A
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24
Q
  • Esperanza Spalding uses influence from jazz,blues,samba and sings in English, Spanish and Portuguese
A
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25
Q

Dynamics of samba

A

No dynamics printed but song is performed at a released mezzo piano throughout. When she sings it sometimes crescendos.

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26
Q

Time signature of samba:

A

4/4

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27
Q

Structure of samba

A

Opening 3 bars are in free time whereas verse 1 has lots of rubatoes

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28
Q

Text setting of Samba

A

Syllabic

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29
Q

How do the melody phrases often begin in samba?

A

Triadically

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30
Q

Key signature of samba:

A

B minor which creates a sorrowful sound

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31
Q

Instruments in samba:

A

Acoustic guitar ACOUSTIC BASS and a low pitched female singer

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32
Q

Harmonic device of samba?

A

Mainly melody dominated homophony

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33
Q

Bass guitar techniques in samba:

A

Double stopping,mordants and harmonics

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34
Q

Structure of samba:

A

4 stanzas which are split into two verses, and instrumental section lead by guitar for contrast, coda featuring the bass and guitar playing embellished riffs.

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35
Q

Bass and vocal line texture (samba)

A

Counterpoint and contrapuntal

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36
Q

What is Bossa Nova?

A

a style of Brazilian music derived from samba but placing more emphasis on melody and less on percussion.

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37
Q

what is samba em preludio a fusion of?

A

Samba and jazz

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38
Q

Instruments in release:

A

Hurdy gurdy, Bodhron, fiddle, low whistle, Djembe, Talking drum, Kora, Uilleann pipes

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39
Q

What is heterophony?

A

Multiple variations of the same melody heard simultaneously.

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40
Q

Recording effects use in release:

A

Multi tracking,layering w

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41
Q

What influences the bass guitar and synth in release?

A

EDM

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42
Q

Harmonic feature in release:

A

Drone (c pitched roots)

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43
Q

Key signature of release

A

C minor (makes the music sound modal)

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44
Q

Modes of release:

A

Almost always in Aeolian mode except for the uilleann pipe solo where it is in Dorian Mode

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45
Q

Form of release:

A

Starts with bodhran drums performing syncopated and swung ostinato

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46
Q

Different instruments perform contrasting rhythms (polyrhythms)

A
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47
Q

What is a cross rhythm?

A

Two conflicting rhythms used at the same time, AKA polyrhythm (when the tambourine plays continuous semi quavers when the fiddle plays triplet)

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48
Q

Time signature of release:

A

Starts in free time but when the shaker enters it follows a strict 4/4

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49
Q

Tempo of release:

A

100 beats per minute

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50
Q

Vocal parts in release

A

Opens with a female vocal before the male vocal takes on the vocal part and repeats the opening phrase twice in rising melodic sequence, resolving towards the dominant note of the C minor scale.

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51
Q

Texture of release:

A

Mostly conjunct and the Bodhran part features a syncopated rhythm.

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52
Q

Dynamics of release:

A

Mezzo forte

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53
Q

Fusion of release:

A

West African and Celtic music

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54
Q

Other features of release:

A

Released in 1999 and it sold more than 500,000 copies worldwide

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55
Q

What is Ground bass?

A

3 bars long continous quaver rhythm

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56
Q

Features of baroque music:

A

Contrapuntal texture,polyphonic sections,terrace dynamics and lots of ornamentation

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57
Q

Example of word painting: (music for a while)

A

B24 “drop drop” descends in pitch to represent the snakes dropping from Alecto’s head

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58
Q

What does Scalic melody mean?

A

The melody moves in steps.

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59
Q

Example of word painting 2: (music for a while):

A

Dissonance in B12 where the E in the melody clashes with the D in the bass line when the lyric “pain” is sung.

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60
Q

Where is there Tierce de Picardie? (Music for a while)

A

B23 where a c# is played for the first time.

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61
Q

What is Basso continuo?

A

Vocal phrase overlapping the cadence which creates a sense of moving forward.

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62
Q

What are some typical baroque instruments?

A

Harpsichord and bass viol

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63
Q

Who is music for a while usually sung by?

A

A counter tenor or a female soprano

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64
Q

What is the lowest and highest notes in music for a while?

A

Lowest:E

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65
Q

Highest:F

A
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66
Q

Melisma example: (music for a while)

A

B20 +21 repeated higher descending sequences link to hades and the underworld

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67
Q

Ornamentation example: (music for a while)

A

B13 soprano sings a trill which makes the texture feel florid (flowery)

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68
Q

Who was Henry Purcell?

A

Very influential baroque composer who was supported by the royale family. He began by writing instrumental music for harpsichord and strings but finished his career by writing for vocal music.

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69
Q

What is contrapuntal texture?

A

Multiple Melodie’s played at the same time.

70
Q

What from is da capo aria?

A

Ternary form (ABA)

71
Q

Why is ascending ground bass an example of word painting?

A

The ascending shape of the ground bass represents King Laius rising from the dead. The bottom note of each pattern rises through A, B, C, C#, D to E. Each three bar loop ends with a perfect cadence. The vocal phrase overlaps the cadence, which helps to create a sense of moving forward.

72
Q

What is the tempo of music for a while?

A

4/4 largo (slow)

73
Q

What is the overall tonality of music for a while?

A

A minor but it modulates through E minor, G major and C major. (G major is the flattened 7th)

74
Q

Why was a minor key appropriate for music for a while?

A

Because it fits with the sad story

75
Q

What is the texture of music for a while?

A

Melody dominated homophony

76
Q

An example of imitation: (music for a while)

A

In B11 when the right hand harpsichord imitates the soprano

77
Q

When are suspensions used? (Music for a while)

A

In B13 each word “eased” falls to a resolved note from a dissonant note before (word painting)

78
Q

Example of ornamentation 2: (music for a while)

A

Ornamentation lower mordant by harpsichord B1, an appogtura in B2 and an acciactura in b7

79
Q

Why are there limited dynamics? (Music for a while)

A

Because the instruments weren’t as sophisticated so crescendos and diminuendos were not used.

80
Q

Who wrote “Music for a While?”

A

Henry Purcell

81
Q

When was “Music for a While” written?

A

1692

82
Q

What is the bass line of “Music for a While” called?

A

Ground bass

83
Q

Which instrument is NOT found in a continuous group? (Music for a while)

A

Voice

84
Q

What is Tierce de Picardie? (Music for a while)

A

A major cadence in a minor key

85
Q

Musical features which represent the sad mood: (music for a while)

A

Minor key, slow tempo + thin texture

86
Q

Which rhythmic unit is used in the ground bass? (Music for a while)

A

Quavers

87
Q

Which instrument is a predecessor to the cello?

A

Bass viol

88
Q

How many bars long is the ground bass? (Music for a while)

A

3

89
Q

For which play was “Music for a While” written?

A

Oedipus

90
Q

Structure of the Brandenburg concerto

A

Ternary form

91
Q

Time signature of brandenburg?

A

2/4

92
Q

How does Bach create a gigue-like feel?

A

By using continuous triplet quavers

93
Q

What is a fuge?

A

subject + countersubject + stretto entries (entries of the subject getting closer together)

94
Q

When does each instrument play the subject? (Brandenburg concerto)

A

Violin - bars 1 and 2 (then plays the counter subject)

95
Q

Flute - bar 3 (five notes higher)

A
96
Q

Harpsichord- bar 9

A
97
Q

What is a concerto grosso?

A

a musical composition for a group of solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra

98
Q

What are the 3 mains solo instruments in Brandenburg?

A

Flute,violin,harpsichord

99
Q

Example of ornamentation in Brandenburg concerto:

A

Harpsichord trills in B19 and B21

100
Q

What is counterpoint texture?

A

Tune against tune (a type of polyphonic texture)

101
Q

What is contrapuntal texture?

A

a texture composed of two or more independent melodies sounded together

102
Q

Where is the harpsichord solo in Brandenburg?

A

B163

103
Q

Where is the texture homophonic in the Brandenburg concerto?

A

B155 where all the instruments are playing together, there is also dialogue between instruments here.

104
Q

Key signature of Brandenburg concerto:

A

D major before it modulates to the dominant in bar 12

105
Q

Tempo of Brandenburg Concerto No. 5

A

allegro - lively dance like feel by writing continuous triplet quavers eg B110

106
Q

Time signature of the Brandenburg concerto no.5

A

2/4

107
Q

True of false the Brandenburg concerto begins with an anacrusis?

A

True

108
Q

What is the countersubject in the Brandenburg concerto?

A

Single detached quavers plated on the beat

109
Q

Flute feature - Brandenburg concerto

A

Flute performs an answer motif in bars 3-5

110
Q

How is each new key announced in Brandenburg?

A

Punctuated with perfect cadences on the beat.

111
Q

What is a canon in music?

A

Delayed imitation of a melody or tune.

112
Q

Dynamics in Brandenburg concerto

A

Terrace dynamics as it is the baroque period.

113
Q

Other features of the Brandenburg concerto:

A
  • Bach was born in 1685 and died in 1750
114
Q
  • He wrote over 1000 pieces of music in his lifetime
A
115
Q

-Features of baroque music: ornamentation,terrace dynamics,polyphonic writing and harpsichord continuo.

A
116
Q

What is a sonata?

A

a composition for an instrumental soloist, often with a piano accompaniment, typically in several movements with one or more in sonata form.

117
Q

How does the introduction start? (Beethoven)

A

Homophonic with very heavy,low chords

118
Q

Structure: (Beethoven)

A

The first subject includes descending broken chords in bars 29 and 33, which moves into harmony.

119
Q

What is an antiphonal effect? (Created by crossed hands in bars 51 to 80)

A

Call and response

120
Q

Where is Alberti bass played? (Beethoven)

A

Bar 89

121
Q

How many octaves does beethovens work span?

A

5 and a half octaves

122
Q

What is contrary motion? (Bar 11)

A

both parts move but in opposite directions

123
Q

What is the key of the piece (Beethoven)

A

C minor, but modulates to relative keys, Eb major and the subdominant

124
Q

Where is the circle of fifths movement in Beethoven?

A

244-259

125
Q

True or false Beethoven uses lots of chromaticism

A

True - many chromatic chords in diminished 7ths which creates dissonance which is more expressive and is heard again in bar 18 and there is an imperfect cadence at bar 27.

126
Q

Time Signature of Beethoven?

A

Intro - 4/4 though it changes to 2/2

127
Q

Example of ornamentation in Beethoven

A

Acciacatura in bar 52

128
Q

Where is there a long,rapid descending chromatic run in Beethoven?

A

Bar 10

129
Q

What is the first subject like in Beethoven?

A

A rising staccato theme over two octaves

130
Q

What is the second subject like in Beethoven?

A

Lyrical and legato - contrasting the first theme, the melody includes mordants and acciacaturas

131
Q

Dynamics in the Beethoven?

A

Sforzando in b4 and the first subject crescendoes to aid the excitement in b15 to 18.

132
Q

Other features of Beethoven:

A

-piano sonata no.8 Pathetique, is one of the most celebrated of Beethovens works from the classical period

133
Q
  • It was written in 1798, when he was 27 and published in 1799.
A
134
Q
  • It’s called Pathetique due to the tragic and expressive nature of the music, the peice features extreme dyn,aims and pitch as well as virtuosity which was very forward for its time.
A
135
Q

This sonata is often described as classic romantic and balances the phrasing of Mozart and Haydn’s music

A
136
Q

What is a codetta?

A

A small coda that closes an internal section of a piece

137
Q

Where is recapitulation in Beethoven?

A

Bars 195 to 294

138
Q

Other features of defying gravity:

A
  • Stephen Schwartz is an American composer born in 1948.
139
Q
  • Wicked is a Broadway musical which is based on the 1939 film, the wizard of Oz.
A
140
Q

Where are the two leitmotifs in defying gravity?

A

Bars 20 and 21, first in the base and then on the synthesiser. The leitmotif in bar 20 is used to represent Elphaba and is known as Elphaba’s theme.

141
Q

The second verse - defying gravity

A

A driving syncopated rhythm, maintaining a strict tempo throughout

142
Q

Verse 3 - defying gravity

A

Even though the melody and rhythms are similar, Elphaba sings at a much higher pitch, the accompaniment is more heroic , and the tempo includes a rallentando or rall

143
Q

How does defying gravity open?

A

With a monophonic opening just for the solo voice. The listener hear melody-dominated homophony when the band enters, the strings play a tremolo effect for anticipation

144
Q

What is the key of defying gravity?

A

The first chords are D major, C# minor and C major. This means that the tonality is ambiguous, there is no sense of key.

145
Q

Example of word painting: (defying gravity)

A

The final note on grandeur at the end of the previous line is an A. The first of verse 2 is a D, which produces a confident perfect cadence ready for the line “I’m through accepting limits”

146
Q

Example of word painting 2 defying gravity

A

The chords played are bare fifths, which denotes the opportunity fit Elphaba to flee

147
Q

What are the opening bars marked as (defying gravity)

A

Colla voce - meaning the band follows the voice.

148
Q

What is the first verse like? (Defying gravity)

A

Relaxed with long chords and prominent guitar and tremolo strings - tempo = moderato

149
Q

Where is the bridge in defying gravity?

A

From bar 88

150
Q

Tempo - defying gravity

A

Tempo dictates emotion , fast for Elphaba , slower for calm Glinda

151
Q

Other features of star wars:

A

Recorded Star Wars in just 12 days

152
Q

Written by John Williams in 1932.

A
153
Q

Common features of film compositions

A

Varying orchestration

154
Q

No set structure

A
155
Q

Leitmotifs

A
156
Q

Doubling of parts - emphasise the part of the story

A
157
Q

What is the structure of Star Wars?

A

A - B-A -Link - Codetta

158
Q

How does Star Wars begin?

A

With a brass fanfare up to bar 4

159
Q

A and B sections star wars

A

A is very loud and triumphant but B is more lyrical and soft

160
Q

Interesting instruments in Star Wars:

A

Synth and celeste

161
Q

Ornamentation examples start with wars:

A

Violin tremolos

162
Q

Pizzicato strings in bar 33

A
163
Q

Flute trill in bar 36

A
164
Q

What is the main texture in Star Wars?

A

Homophonic

165
Q

Why is Star Wars in Bb?

A

Good for the brass instruments

166
Q

What is Quaternal harmony?

A

Harmony is built in 4ths instead of 3rds

167
Q

Where is there ambiguous tonality in Star Wars?

A

The link from B30

168
Q

Tempo of Star Wars

A

4/4 100 bpm to create a military marching feel.

169
Q

What dynamic is the contrasting B section played at?

A

Mezzo forte whereas A is played as fortissimo

170
Q

How is the leitmotifs made to sound heroic in Star Wars?

A

Leaping intervals, triplets at ff dynamics in the brass

171
Q

Why is the piccolo link played at p in Star Wars? Bars 36-38

A

To convey a sense of Mystery of the stars and planets

172
Q

What happens at bar 53 (Star Wars)

A

A fragment of the rebel blockade runner leitmotifs is played. The interval is a major third.

Gcse Music (1 decks)

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