Music Flashcards
art of combining sounds of varying pitch to produce a coherent composition
that is melodious, harmonious, intelligible, and expressive of ideas and emotions.
music
begins with vibration of an object that is pounded or a string that is plucked.
sound
Elements of Music
pitch
volume/ intensity
tempo/rate
duration
timbre/tone color
rhythm
melody
harmony
texture
form
the relative highness or lowness of a sound
pitch
is the speed of a composition or any of its sections. Terms such as
allegro (fast), vivace (lively), moderato (moderate speed), andante (moderately
slow, adagio ( slower than adante), lento (slow) and largo (very slow) are related to
tempo or rate
is the loudness or softness of a sound that may ranges from
very soft (pianissimo) and soft (piano) to very loud (fortissimo) and loud (forte)
Volume or intensity
is the consistent pattern or succession of identical or similar sounds.
Rhythm
is the length of time during which a sound is produced.
duration
is the quality of sound that makes it distinct from other
sounds
timbre or tone color
is the number of tones expected to be apprehended simultaneously.
Texture
is the series of consecutive tones that vary in pitch and duration but form
a line of individual significance and expressive value.
melody
is the simultaneous sounding of two or more tones
Harmony
A soloist performing a melody
Homophonic
texture can be:
Homophonic
Monophonic
Polyphonic
A soloist performing a melody with accompaniment (for
example Flute with Piano).
Monophonic
Many musicians performing/combining rhythmic and melodic
patterns together.
Polyphonic
is the overall organization of the composition which is associated with
shape, structure and coherence
Form
is produced by the voices of the singers in which the singing is done
without accompaniment of musical instruments.
Vocal music
is a music produced by musical instruments and it is
exemplified by a n orchestra performing without a soloist of group of singers
Instrumental music
is a combination of vocal music and instrumental
music.
Mixed music or mixed ensemble
is music rendered by a group of performers – singers and/or
players of musical instruments.
Ensembles music
is the most spectacular of the ensembles because of its large size,
usually performing under direction of a conductor, the musicians playing several
instruments.
Orchestra
–is a large ensemble composed of about 100 players. It
includes all the principal instrumental types divided into four sections or four basic
ranges: soprano, alto, tenor, and bass.
Symphony Orchestra
is a form written for an orchestra in which one solo instruments, for
example, a piano or a violin, is given prominence.
Concerto
is an instrumental ensemble having the size of an orchestra but consisting
mainly or exclusively of wind and percussion instruments.
band
is a band usually composed of stringed instruments. It is the best-known
instrumental group in the Philippines today.
Rondalla
–is a small group of instrumental players. The number of
musical instruments ranges from one to nine.
Chamber Ensemble
–is an ensemble larger than a chamber ensemble and smaller
than a full orchestra.
Chamber Orchestra
it is connected with elements of a story or poem which is abundant
with literary and pictorial connotations
Program Music
copies the actual sound of the subject, as in imitation of
animals which during that time, was very popular
Imitative music
is a grouping other than the ones earlier mentioned. The Pangkat
Kawayan or Bandang Kawayan whose members play instruments made of bamboo
is also considered a
Special Ensemble
It is the traditional and spontaneous music of people, race, nation or
region.
Folk Music
pictures an event or scene. One of the first
example of this kind music was Beethoven’s Symphony No.6 called
Pastoral symphony.
Descriptive program music
It is usually composed with a piano accompaniment and is often
sophisticated.
Art songs
intends to tell a story or represents a series of related
event.
Narrative music
Melody and rhythm blend harmonically
Jazz music
Musical compositions of enduring excellence felt to be of first
significance beore modern time is called ___ ____.
Classical Music
This is a musical drama, which many years, has been one of the most
attractive forms of entertainment.
The Opera
is the term used to refer to a cultural movement created by
African Americans, Caribbean Americans, and Latino Americans in the 1970s.
Hip hop, or hip-hop
the English term ‘blue’ to mean sad, depressed, or upset about something.
It’s only natural that blues music evokes these types of sensations, but this harmonic
genre is also emotional in a myriad of other ways.
Blues
-it is a short for popular, and it’s remained the defining term for the ever
changing music favoured by the public.
Pop
was a phrase invented in early 80s describing bands which
broke from the barrage of pop and hair metal and formed a new direction of more
focused and honest rock.
Alternative music
This song is as familiar to Filipino schoolchildren as the “ABC’s” and
“Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star” are to kids everywhere. Credited to have been
written by composer and 1997 National Artist for Music Felipe de Leon (1912
1992)
Bahay-kubo
Compilation of Filipino Folk music
Bahay-kubo
Pakitong-kitong
Magtanim Ay Di Biro
O Ilaw
Ang Pipit
Sa Ugoy Ng Duyan
Sa Libis Ng Nayon
Bayan KO
Sitsiritsit Alibangbang
Paro Parong Bukid
Leron Leron Sinta
Lubi Lubi
A popular example of the traditional Filipino love song genre “kundiman”,
this song was made famous by Filipino singer and actor Ruben Tagalog (1920
83). The real title of the song is actually “Aking Bituin” (“My Star”),
O Ilaw
Credited to Felipe de Leon (“Planting Rice is
Never Fun”) describes the tedious chore of planting rice. It has been covered by
Filipino rock band The Dawn, and former president Joseph “Erap” Estrada even
rewrote it into a much more “inspirational” version entitled “Kung Tayo’y
Magtatanim” (“If We All Plant Rice”).
Magtanim Ay Di Biro
Also called “Tong Tong Tong Tong Pakitong-kitong,” this Filipino folk
song has both a Tagalog and Cebuano version. It describes a crab that is delicious
to eat, but hard to catch because of its snapping pincers.
Pakitong-kitong
(“The Sparrow”) relates the story a sparrow who falls off the
branch its perched on after being stoned by a cruel man. It was co-written by
Lucio D. San Pedro (1913-2002) and Levi Celerio (1910-2002). Named National
Artist for Music and Literature in 1997, Celerio had composed over 4,000 songs
and has even been included in the Guiness Book of World Records for his unusual
talent of playing music from a leaf.
Ang Pipit
Another collaboration from Lucio San Pedro and Levi Celerio. (“The Swing of the Cradle”) is a haunting and nostalgic lullaby
expressing the feelings of a child finding tranquil security in the arms of a loving
mother.
Sa Ugoy Ng Duyan
This song describes the beauty and serenity of life in the countryside. It
was written by Santiago S. Suarez and popularized by Filipina singer and “Queen
of Kundiman” Sylvia la Torre.
Sa Libis Ng Nayon
is a Filipino folk song. This
humorous song describe a flirtatious woman threatening a storeowner that
the ants are going to get him if he is not going to extend credit, as well as unusual
situations of exchanging a child for a doll or bagoong. It is said to have originated
during the country’s Spanish colonization, as its lyrics suggest the ordinary life
during that time.
Sitsiritsit Alibangbang
(“My Country”) was meant as a patriotic song protesting the American
occupation of the Philippines. Since then, it has practically been a second national
anthem for freedom-loving Filipinos, a theme song for some of the most
momentous events in Philippine history. Its most famous rendition is the one by
Filipino folk singer Freddie Aguilar.
Bayan KO
It originated during the Spanish Time here in the Philippines. It is said that
the song acts as a protest song for the Filipino women. The meaning of the song is
this: during that time, some women are selling their own bodies (prostitutes) to
the Spanish colonizers (the military, especially, the friars) with exchange for
money and food.
Paro Parong Bukid
This popular classic traditional folk song composed by Alberto Florentino.
This folk song is about a man named “Leron” and her sweetheart “Neneng”. The
song revolves around the adventures of the two sweethearts as they pick fruits
from a Papaya and a Tamarind trees
Leron Leron Sinta
also known as the Waray Song in the Philippines. The song
is about the black nightshade plant, but the last few lines list the months of the
year, making the song a useful tool for teaching them to elementary school
children.
Lubi Lubi
Famous Kundiman Singers
Pilita Corales
Sylvia La Torre
Ric Manrique Jr.
Ruben Tagalog
Cenon Lagman
The Father of Kundiman Art Song
Francisco Santiago
Kundiman Songwriters
Francisco Santiago
Nicanor Abelardo
Antonio Molina
Rodolfo Cornejo
Francisco Buencamino
Levi Celerio
Julián Felipe
