Music Flashcards by Rojj Vasti Buenviaje

art of combining sounds of varying pitch to produce a coherent composition
that is melodious, harmonious, intelligible, and expressive of ideas and emotions.

music

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begins with vibration of an object that is pounded or a string that is plucked.

sound

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Elements of Music

pitch
volume/ intensity
tempo/rate
duration
timbre/tone color
rhythm
melody
harmony
texture
form

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the relative highness or lowness of a sound

pitch

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is the speed of a composition or any of its sections. Terms such as
allegro (fast), vivace (lively), moderato (moderate speed), andante (moderately
slow, adagio ( slower than adante), lento (slow) and largo (very slow) are related to

tempo or rate

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is the loudness or softness of a sound that may ranges from
very soft (pianissimo) and soft (piano) to very loud (fortissimo) and loud (forte)

Volume or intensity

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is the consistent pattern or succession of identical or similar sounds.

Rhythm

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is the length of time during which a sound is produced.

duration

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is the quality of sound that makes it distinct from other
sounds

timbre or tone color

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is the number of tones expected to be apprehended simultaneously.

Texture

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is the series of consecutive tones that vary in pitch and duration but form
a line of individual significance and expressive value.

melody

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is the simultaneous sounding of two or more tones

Harmony

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A soloist performing a melody

Homophonic

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texture can be:

Homophonic
Monophonic
Polyphonic

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A soloist performing a melody with accompaniment (for
example Flute with Piano).

Monophonic

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Many musicians performing/combining rhythmic and melodic
patterns together.

Polyphonic

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is the overall organization of the composition which is associated with
shape, structure and coherence

Form

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is produced by the voices of the singers in which the singing is done
without accompaniment of musical instruments.

Vocal music

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is a music produced by musical instruments and it is
exemplified by a n orchestra performing without a soloist of group of singers

Instrumental music

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is a combination of vocal music and instrumental
music.

Mixed music or mixed ensemble

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is music rendered by a group of performers – singers and/or
players of musical instruments.

Ensembles music

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is the most spectacular of the ensembles because of its large size,
usually performing under direction of a conductor, the musicians playing several
instruments.

Orchestra

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–is a large ensemble composed of about 100 players. It
includes all the principal instrumental types divided into four sections or four basic
ranges: soprano, alto, tenor, and bass.

Symphony Orchestra

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is a form written for an orchestra in which one solo instruments, for
example, a piano or a violin, is given prominence.

Concerto

is an instrumental ensemble having the size of an orchestra but consisting mainly or exclusively of wind and percussion instruments.

band

is a band usually composed of stringed instruments. It is the best-known instrumental group in the Philippines today.

Rondalla

–is a small group of instrumental players. The number of musical instruments ranges from one to nine.

Chamber Ensemble

–is an ensemble larger than a chamber ensemble and smaller than a full orchestra.

Chamber Orchestra

it is connected with elements of a story or poem which is abundant with literary and pictorial connotations

Program Music

copies the actual sound of the subject, as in imitation of animals which during that time, was very popular

Imitative music

is a grouping other than the ones earlier mentioned. The Pangkat Kawayan or Bandang Kawayan whose members play instruments made of bamboo is also considered a

Special Ensemble

It is the traditional and spontaneous music of people, race, nation or region.

Folk Music

pictures an event or scene. One of the first example of this kind music was Beethoven’s Symphony No.6 called Pastoral symphony.

Descriptive program music

It is usually composed with a piano accompaniment and is often sophisticated.

Art songs

intends to tell a story or represents a series of related event.

Narrative music

Melody and rhythm blend harmonically

Jazz music

Musical compositions of enduring excellence felt to be of first significance beore modern time is called ___ ____.

Classical Music

This is a musical drama, which many years, has been one of the most attractive forms of entertainment.

The Opera

is the term used to refer to a cultural movement created by African Americans, Caribbean Americans, and Latino Americans in the 1970s.

Hip hop, or hip-hop

the English term ‘blue’ to mean sad, depressed, or upset about something. It’s only natural that blues music evokes these types of sensations, but this harmonic genre is also emotional in a myriad of other ways.

Blues

-it is a short for popular, and it’s remained the defining term for the ever changing music favoured by the public.

Pop

was a phrase invented in early 80s describing bands which broke from the barrage of pop and hair metal and formed a new direction of more focused and honest rock.

Alternative music

This song is as familiar to Filipino schoolchildren as the "ABC's" and "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" are to kids everywhere. Credited to have been written by composer and 1997 National Artist for Music Felipe de Leon (1912 1992)

Bahay-kubo

Compilation of Filipino Folk music

Bahay-kubo Pakitong-kitong Magtanim Ay Di Biro O Ilaw Ang Pipit Sa Ugoy Ng Duyan Sa Libis Ng Nayon Bayan KO Sitsiritsit Alibangbang Paro Parong Bukid Leron Leron Sinta Lubi Lubi

A popular example of the traditional Filipino love song genre "kundiman", this song was made famous by Filipino singer and actor Ruben Tagalog (1920 83). The real title of the song is actually "Aking Bituin" ("My Star"),

O Ilaw

Credited to Felipe de Leon ("Planting Rice is Never Fun") describes the tedious chore of planting rice. It has been covered by Filipino rock band The Dawn, and former president Joseph "Erap" Estrada even rewrote it into a much more "inspirational" version entitled "Kung Tayo'y Magtatanim" ("If We All Plant Rice").

Magtanim Ay Di Biro

Also called "Tong Tong Tong Tong Pakitong-kitong," this Filipino folk song has both a Tagalog and Cebuano version. It describes a crab that is delicious to eat, but hard to catch because of its snapping pincers.

Pakitong-kitong

("The Sparrow") relates the story a sparrow who falls off the branch its perched on after being stoned by a cruel man. It was co-written by Lucio D. San Pedro (1913-2002) and Levi Celerio (1910-2002). Named National Artist for Music and Literature in 1997, Celerio had composed over 4,000 songs and has even been included in the Guiness Book of World Records for his unusual talent of playing music from a leaf.

Ang Pipit

Another collaboration from Lucio San Pedro and Levi Celerio. ("The Swing of the Cradle") is a haunting and nostalgic lullaby expressing the feelings of a child finding tranquil security in the arms of a loving mother.

Sa Ugoy Ng Duyan

This song describes the beauty and serenity of life in the countryside. It was written by Santiago S. Suarez and popularized by Filipina singer and "Queen of Kundiman" Sylvia la Torre.

Sa Libis Ng Nayon

is a Filipino folk song. This humorous song describe a flirtatious woman threatening a storeowner that the ants are going to get him if he is not going to extend credit, as well as unusual situations of exchanging a child for a doll or bagoong. It is said to have originated during the country's Spanish colonization, as its lyrics suggest the ordinary life during that time.

Sitsiritsit Alibangbang

("My Country") was meant as a patriotic song protesting the American occupation of the Philippines. Since then, it has practically been a second national anthem for freedom-loving Filipinos, a theme song for some of the most momentous events in Philippine history. Its most famous rendition is the one by Filipino folk singer Freddie Aguilar.

Bayan KO

It originated during the Spanish Time here in the Philippines. It is said that the song acts as a protest song for the Filipino women. The meaning of the song is this: during that time, some women are selling their own bodies (prostitutes) to the Spanish colonizers (the military, especially, the friars) with exchange for money and food.

Paro Parong Bukid

This popular classic traditional folk song composed by Alberto Florentino. This folk song is about a man named “Leron” and her sweetheart “Neneng”. The song revolves around the adventures of the two sweethearts as they pick fruits from a Papaya and a Tamarind trees

Leron Leron Sinta

also known as the Waray Song in the Philippines. The song is about the black nightshade plant, but the last few lines list the months of the year, making the song a useful tool for teaching them to elementary school children.

Lubi Lubi

Famous Kundiman Singers

Pilita Corales Sylvia La Torre Ric Manrique Jr. Ruben Tagalog Cenon Lagman

The Father of Kundiman Art Song

Francisco Santiago

Kundiman Songwriters

Francisco Santiago Nicanor Abelardo Antonio Molina Rodolfo Cornejo Francisco Buencamino Levi Celerio Julián Felipe