Musculoskeletal: Trauma, Infections, Neoplasms

Question 1

Strain

Answer 1

• stretching or partial tear in muscle or muscle tendon unit
• inflammation @ site -> replaced by fibrous tissue
• Manifestations: pain, stiffness, swelling, local tenderness

Question 2

Sprain

Answer 2

• tear or rupture of ligament; abnormal of excessive movement of a joint (ankle, knees, ACL, elbow)
• Manifestations: pain, rapid swelling, discoloration, limited ROM

Question 3

Treatment for Sprain or Strains

Answer 3

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

Question 4

Stages of Bone Healing

Answer 4

1. hematoma formation
2. Soft fibrocartilaginous callus formation
3. bony callus formation
4. remodeling

Question 5

Hematoma Formation

Answer 5

• Torn blood vessels hemorrhage, forming mass of clotted blood (hematoma)
• Site is swollen, painful, and inflamed
• Initiates cellular events needed for healing
• Formation of fibrin network

Question 6

Soft fibrocartilaginous callus formation

Answer 6

Fibroblasts (collagen) and osteoblasts (bone) begin reconstruction

Question 7

Bony callus formation

Answer 7

• Ossification: conversion of fibrocartilage callus to bony callus (spongy bone)
• Deposition of mineral salts into callus
• 3rd-4th week of healing (can usually remove cast)

Question 8

Remodeling

Answer 8

• Osteoclasts remove and remodel bone
  -Compact bone replaces spongy bone
  -Final structure resembles original structure, but will still leave a “scar” - responds to same mechanical stressors

Question 9

Compartment Syndrome

Answer 9

Increased pressure  compromises circulation and tissue function
Muscles and nerves enclosed by tough, inelastic fascia
Tissue swelling around fracture limited by fascia
High pressure  nerve and muscle cell damage