Musculoskeletal Trauma Flashcards
Mechanisms
Direct, indirect, twisting, penetrating, pathological
Types of fractures (8)
- Open (compound)
- Closed (simple)
- Comminuted fracture
- Greenstick fracture
- Spiral
- Oblique
- Transverse
- Stress
Open fracture concerns
Blood loss, infection
Comminuted fracture
Break that involves several breaks, resulting in bone fragments
Greenstick fracture
Bone bent but only breaks on outside of bend (mostly children)
Spiral fracture
Break caused by twisting
Oblique fracture
Bone broke at a slanting angle
Transverse fracture
A bone break at right angle of long part of the bone
Stress fracture
Caused by repeated, long term, abnormal stress (especially in feet)
Blood loss from rib fracture
125 mL
Blood loss from radius/ulna
250-500 mL
Blood loss from Humerus
500-750 mL
Tibia/fibula blood loss from fracture
500-1000mL
Femur blood loss
1000-2000mL
Pelvis blood loss
1000 mL to MASSIVE blood loss
Sprain
Ligament stretched beyond normal range of motion
Grades of sprain
Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3
Grade 1 sprain
Least serious, most common, presents w/immediate pain and swelling over a few days
Grade 2 sprain
Ligament partially torn
immediate pain and swelling
patient may hear a pop or tearing
Limited ROM
Grade 3 sprain
Complete tear of ligament
Immediate pain and swelling
lost function of the extremity, appears deformed
(common w/dislocations of joints)
Strains
Damage to muscle and/or tendons, sometimes feels like something popped
Joint dislocation common areas
Shoulder, elbow, fingers, knees, hips, ankles
Muscle contusion
Damage to issue w/out disrupting skin, can be caused by blunt trauma
Treatment of Strains, sprains, fractures
DCAPBTLS
RICE, splint, wrap elevate w/ice on it
Assess skin temp, distal pulses, ceptitus
Colles fracture
Radial/Ulnar fracture
Silver fork fracture
Distal radius fracture, causing a fork like deformity with wrist and hand
Boxers fracture
Closed fist strike, breaking 5th metacarpal bone
Pelvis injuries, how to treat
Injuries to the pelvic ring typically fracture in 2 places
Assess PSM, splint pelvis w/pelvic wrap, use backboard. Large bore IV’s, pain meds, transport
Hip displacement anteriorly/head and neck of femur fractured
Foot points out, leg appears lengthened
Posterior hip displacement
Most common
Foot points in, flexed knee
Traction splint contraindications
Injury to knee, lower leg, foot
Distal or proximal ends of femur is injured
Femur fracture treatment
PSM, stabilize and splint, (if midshaft use traction)
Backboard, large IV’s, give pain meds, WATCH FOR SHOCK
Don Juan Fracture
Injury to bilateral calcaneous due to fall or jump from height
(Don Juan is notorious playboy who would jump out of windows to avoid being caught by boyfriend)
