Musculoskeletal Trauma

Question 1

Mechanisms

Answer 1

Direct, indirect, twisting, penetrating, pathological

Question 2

Types of fractures (8)

Answer 2

• Open (compound)
• Closed (simple)
• Comminuted fracture
• Greenstick fracture
• Spiral
• Oblique
• Transverse
• Stress

Question 3

Open fracture concerns

Answer 3

Blood loss, infection

Question 4

Comminuted fracture

Answer 4

Break that involves several breaks, resulting in bone fragments

Question 5

Greenstick fracture

Answer 5

Bone bent but only breaks on outside of bend (mostly children)

Question 6

Spiral fracture

Answer 6

Break caused by twisting

Question 7

Oblique fracture

Answer 7

Bone broke at a slanting angle

Question 8

Transverse fracture

Answer 8

A bone break at right angle of long part of the bone

Question 9

Stress fracture

Answer 9

Caused by repeated, long term, abnormal stress (especially in feet)

Question 10

Blood loss from rib fracture

Answer 10

125 mL

Question 11

Blood loss from radius/ulna

Answer 11

250-500 mL

Question 12

Blood loss from Humerus

Answer 12

500-750 mL

Question 13

Tibia/fibula blood loss from fracture

Answer 13

500-1000mL

Question 14

Femur blood loss

Answer 14

1000-2000mL

Question 15

Pelvis blood loss

Answer 15

1000 mL to MASSIVE blood loss

Question 16

Sprain

Answer 16

Ligament stretched beyond normal range of motion

Question 17

Grades of sprain

Answer 17

Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3

Question 18

Grade 1 sprain

Answer 18

Least serious, most common, presents w/immediate pain and swelling over a few days

Question 19

Grade 2 sprain

Answer 19

Ligament partially torn

immediate pain and swelling

patient may hear a pop or tearing

Limited ROM

Question 20

Grade 3 sprain

Answer 20

Complete tear of ligament

Immediate pain and swelling

lost function of the extremity, appears deformed

(common w/dislocations of joints)

Question 21

Strains

Answer 21

Damage to muscle and/or tendons, sometimes feels like something popped

Question 22

Joint dislocation common areas

Answer 22

Shoulder, elbow, fingers, knees, hips, ankles

Question 23

Muscle contusion

Answer 23

Damage to issue w/out disrupting skin, can be caused by blunt trauma

Question 24

Treatment of Strains, sprains, fractures

Answer 24

DCAPBTLS

RICE, splint, wrap elevate w/ice on it

Assess skin temp, distal pulses, ceptitus

Question 25

Colles fracture

Answer 25

Radial/Ulnar fracture

Question 26

Silver fork fracture

Answer 26

Distal radius fracture, causing a fork like deformity with wrist and hand

Question 27

Boxers fracture

Answer 27

Closed fist strike, breaking 5th metacarpal bone

Question 28

Pelvis injuries, how to treat

Answer 28

Injuries to the pelvic ring typically fracture in 2 places

Assess PSM, splint pelvis w/pelvic wrap, use backboard. Large bore IV’s, pain meds, transport

Question 29

Hip displacement anteriorly/head and neck of femur fractured

Answer 29

Foot points out, leg appears lengthened

Question 30

Posterior hip displacement

Answer 30

Most common

Foot points in, flexed knee

Question 31

Traction splint contraindications

Answer 31

Injury to knee, lower leg, foot

Distal or proximal ends of femur is injured

Question 32

Femur fracture treatment

Answer 32

PSM, stabilize and splint, (if midshaft use traction)

Backboard, large IV’s, give pain meds, WATCH FOR SHOCK

Question 33

Don Juan Fracture

Answer 33

Injury to bilateral calcaneous due to fall or jump from height

(Don Juan is notorious playboy who would jump out of windows to avoid being caught by boyfriend)