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EPHE 444 > Musculoskeletal testing (second half) > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal testing (second half) Flashcards

1
Q

how do you measure grip endurance ?

A

using hand dynamometer, record initial force and final force at end of 1 minute
- final force/initial force x 100 = % decline in force production

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2
Q

how is the flexed arm hang scored? proper position?

A

scored as the # of seconds the participant can support their body weight with the chin over the pull up bar, pronated grip

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3
Q

proper form for wall sit

A

flat against wall, knees 90 degrees, hands at side

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4
Q

4 static endurance tests

A

grip endurance, flexed arm hang, wall sit, back endurance,

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5
Q

how do you test static endurance of the trunk

A

test time to failure,
extension: flat back, trunk extended over bench, lower body secured
lateral flexors: side plank/bridge, torso elevated and supported; hips of floor

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6
Q

what do you do before administering back endurance test

A

prescreen for LBP
(lower back pain)
- have them lie face down and extend one leg at a time off floor and then one arm and opposite leg at same time

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7
Q

what is the 30 second chair stand test and what does it measure
- how do you score

A
  • measures lower body endurance
  • with the chair positioned against wall have client sit in chair with arms crossed across chest, feet flat on floor
  • count the # of reps the client can complete in 30s (ROM touch seat–> full extension)
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8
Q

in the seated chair test if more than 1/2 way when the time expires in the last rep what do you do?

A

count it as a rep, if less than 1/2 the way then dont count

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9
Q

what are the pros of isotonic strength testing (5)

A
  1. relatively inexpensive
  2. accessible- different types of equipment can be used
  3. easy to learn how to administer most tests
  4. construct and face validity
  5. correlates better with sports performance
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10
Q

what are the cons of isotonic strength testing (5)

A
  1. cant obtain strength curve - measures weakest point in ROM
  2. risk of injury if free weights are used
  3. equipment specific (eg. norm specific)
  4. can be time consuming
  5. can be difficult to find 1 RM, involves technique
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11
Q

what are the pros of isometric testing (3)

A
  1. norm data easily accesible
  2. can be used to test a variety of muscle groups
  3. strong research base
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12
Q

what are the cons fo isometric testing (3)

A
  1. only one joint angle can be tested at a time
  2. does not provide a strength curve
  3. limited transferability to real life movement
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13
Q

what is the best equipment to use for strength testing

A

constant resistance machine or free weights

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14
Q

5 points about variale resistance machines (pros and cons)

A
  • difficult to match strength curves of difference muscle groups
  • difficult to assess clients actual strength because force is altered throughout ROM
  • no spotter required
  • dont fit everyone
  • more beneficial for training than testing
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15
Q

5 points about constant resistance machines (pros and cons)

A
  • expensive but safe
  • limit ROM and plane of movement
  • no spotter required
  • dont fit everyone
  • some have large weight increments
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16
Q

3 points of free weights (pros and cons)

A
  • increase neuromuscular coordination
  • allow full ROM
  • spotter required
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17
Q
  • force plates
  • cybex
  • WAT
  • RM lifts with a speed component
  • vertical jump
  • margeria
  • sprints
  • snatches, cleans
  • -> all examples of ways to measure what?
A

power

any test that has a speed component

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18
Q

______ test and _____ are not highly correlated with mechanically measured power

A

jumping tests, sprints

–> ppl of different weights will have different power (more mass = more power)

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19
Q

the peak capability of a muscle to generate force

A

muscular power

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20
Q

the maximum rate of ATP utilization using anaerobic (without oxygen) metabolism, per unit of time

A

anaerobic power

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21
Q

the cunningham and faulkner tests are measures of ?

A

anaerobic capacity

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22
Q

how do you admin the cunnginham test

- what is its reliability

A

treadmill 20% grade, 8mph

  • measured by seconds to volitional fatigue
  • 0.79-0.91 (low is not doing it properly, also a learning effect and comfort effect)
23
Q

wingate test measures what?

  • what is its reliability ?
  • what do you set resistance to?
A
  • measures leg power
  • 0.89-0.98
  • 7.5-10% BW for resistance
  • peak (5s and mean (30s) power output
24
Q

the margaria-kalamen stair sprint test predicts what from what?
- what 3 things are sued to estimate ?

A

power from amount of time individual sprints up a set of stairs (3 at a time)
- vertical distance travelled, subjects mass, and time

25
Q

what is the equation for power for the margaria kalamen test

A

(mass x 9.81 x distance)/time

26
Q

the vertical jump test can be scored as? (3)

A

height jumped
power
force

27
Q

the ability to perform a movement within a short period of time

A

speed

28
Q

the ability to rapidly change the position of the entire body in space, with speed and accuracy

A

agility

- involves braking, changing direction and accelerating again

29
Q

what do you want sprint tests to be short

A

so energy system does not get involved

30
Q

5 things to consider when testing speed and agility

A
  • proper footwear
  • non slip surface
  • timing is everything
  • proper warm up and submaximal practical trials
  • start smart and finish strong
31
Q

how do you administer the 40 yard sprint

A
  • cones on flat surface (deceleration zone as well)
  • sprint included warm up and 2 practice trials, sub max intensity
  • start behind line, start stop watch on first movement
  • 2 trials with 3 mins in between
  • compare to norms
32
Q

what can you calculate from the 40 yd sprint test

A

power, velocity, or acceleration

33
Q

T test and illinois are what ?

A

agility test

34
Q

4 types of flexibility

A

static (still), dynamic (moving), passive (someone holding or moving your limb), active (you are moving or holding limb)

35
Q

4 purposes of flexibility testing

A
  1. ensure participant can perform activities with minimal on muscle tendon tissues
  2. monitor improvements and declines of training
  3. identify problem areas that may be associated with poor performance or possible risk of injury
  4. assess the rehab procedure following injury and assist in the suitability of an individual to participate in certain activities
36
Q

5 general guidelines for flexibility testing

A
  1. have client perform general warm up and static stretching
  2. avoid fast jerky movement and stretching to pain
  3. administer 3 trials
  4. compare best score to available norms
  5. use test results to identify and muscle groups in need of improvement
37
Q

3 limiting factors affecting flexibility

A
  1. there are no valid tests of general flexibility
  2. flexibility is highly specific to the joint and surrounding tissue
  3. what structures are most important in reducing resistance ? (i didn’t write this answer)
38
Q

other limiting factors to flexibility

A
  • warm up
  • age
  • gender
  • inactivity
  • body type
  • size and strength of opposing muscle group
39
Q

goniometer takes a ____ measure of flexibility

A

direct

40
Q

goniometry can be very reliable and valid if?

A

proper protocol is followed (technician skill)

41
Q

intratester and intertester reliability of goniometric measurements affected by?

A

identification of axis of rotation and palpating bony landmarks

42
Q

high agreement between ROM measured by ________ and universal ________

A

radiographs, goniometers

43
Q

how do you measure with the goniometer

A
  1. place the center of the instruments so it coincides with the fulcrum, or axis of rotation, of the joint
  2. align the arms of the gonioemeter with bony landmarks along the longitudinal axis of each moving body segment
  3. measure the ROM as the difference between the joint angles and at the extremes of the movement
44
Q

2 examples linear measurements of flexibility

A
  1. sit and reach

2. back scratch test

45
Q

2 types of indirect measurement of flexibility

A

visual estimation and linear measurements

46
Q

the sit and reach test is moderately related to ______ flexibility and poorly related to _______ flexibility
- poor _____ _____ validity and unrelated to self reported _____

A

hamstring, low back

criterion related , back pain

47
Q

sit and reach test is to evaluate?

A

the static flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles

48
Q

the ability to keep the body’s center of gravity within the base of support when maintaining a static posture, performing voluntary movements, or reacting to external disturbances

A

balance

49
Q

4 principles of balance

A
  1. balance training is emerging ad one of the top 10 exercise trends
  2. gaining recognition of component of functional fitness
  3. for seniors, extremely important to maintain independent living status and successful completion of ADLs
  4. helps prevent falls
50
Q

______ training is emerging ad one of the top 10 exercise trends

A

balance

51
Q

what is a direct measure of balance

A

force plate

- anterolateral and mediolateral coordinates of the center of pressure are derived

52
Q

the force plates provides data about ? (3)

A
  1. postural sway
  2. steadiness,
  3. weight distribution
53
Q

con of the force plate

A

Expensive!

54
Q

what is an indirect measure of balance

A

1 leg stance

EPHE 444 (6 decks)

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