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Assessment/Musculoskeletal > Musculoskeletal Table > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Table Flashcards

1
Q

Scoliosis, Lordosis, Kyphosis: Curvatures

A

Bend forward at waist without bending the knees, shoes off and inspect for a rib hump or nonsymmetrical scapula (scoliosis), sway lumbar back (lordosis), hump to thoracic spine (kyphosis).

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2
Q

Cervical Instability: Assess cervical ligamentous stability

A

Complaints of pain, weakness and a “locking” sensation of the neck.

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3
Q

Cervical radiculopathy: Impairment of upper extremity neurological function due to abnormal process in neck—pressure on spinal nerve

A
  • Para cervical tenderness
  • Decreased ROM neck
  • Positive Spurling’s test
  • Pain with resisted ROM - strain
  • Pain with passive ROM - sprain
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4
Q

TMJ

A
  • Open and close mouth

- Crepitus

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5
Q

Frozen shoulder: Stiff glenonumeral joint from adhesion, rotator tendinitis, bursitis

A
  • Apley scratch test

- Reduced abduction and external rotation

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6
Q

Shoulder Instability (glenohumeral instability): Assess integrity of anterior rotator cuff which holds humerus in glenoid cavity

A
  • Shoulder out of normal position
  • Arm raise that causes pain
  • Complaints of shoulder slipping out of place.
  • Apprehension test
  • Relocation
  • Load and Shift
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7
Q

Rotator cuff tendonitis: May occur from underlying tendinitis. Fall with outstretched arm. Vigorous pulling in lawnmower curve

A
  • Supraspinatus test
  • Apley scratch test
  • Unable to life arm over head
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8
Q

Torn rotator cuff: May occur from underlying tendinitis. Fall with outstretched arm. Vigorous pulling in lawnmower curve

A
  • Drop Arm Test
  • Push button test
  • Weakness or pain on midarch abduction or external rotation
  • Loss of smooth over head reach
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9
Q

Impingement: Compression of the tissue

A
  • Neer’s Sign
  • Hawkins-Kennedy
  • Excessive rubbing of the rotator cuff and the acromion
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10
Q

Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow): Injury of lateral extensor tendon at the lateral epicondyle

A
  • Tenderness at the medial epicondyle
  • Cozen’s test (force extended wrist into flexion)
  • Mill’s test (supinate against resistance)
  • Resistance of Third finger extension
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11
Q

Medical Epicondylitis (Golfer’s Elbow): Injury of flexor tendon

A

-Golfer’s elbow test (resistance against flexed hand)

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12
Q

Olecranon Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursal sac (gout or staph). Frequently from pressure (draftman’s elbow)

A

-Inspect and palpate for swelling, redness and heat

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13
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of median nerve

A
  • Sensory loss of first 3 fingers
  • Loss of thumb opposition
  • Tinel’s test
  • Phalen’s test
  • Reverse Phalen’s test
  • Carpal compression test
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14
Q

DeQuervain Tenosynovitis: Inflammation of extensor and abductor tendons of the thumb. Overuse of repetitive gripping and grasping.

A
  • Positive finkelestein (thumb in fist)

- Local tenderness at tip of radial tubercle

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15
Q

Lunate Dislocation

A

-Murphy’s sign

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16
Q

Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome: Ulnar nerve compression

A
  • Ulnar tunnel triad
  • Tenderness over ulnar tunnel with pressure
  • Clawing of ring finger
  • Hypothenar wasting
17
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): RA is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects small joints in the hands and feet.

A
  • Ulnar deviation and swan neck deformity which is a deformed position of the finger
  • Complaints of pain most pronounced after periods of exertion.
18
Q

Gluteus Medius Weakness

A

-Trendelenberg Sign

19
Q

Gluteus Medius Bursitis: Inflammation of bursa sac

A
  • Observe gait
  • Perform ROM
  • Palpate joint
  • Hip pain or difficulty walking
  • Pain above the trochanteric process
20
Q

Hip Trochanteric Bursitis: Inflammation of the lubricating sac

A
  • Hip pain over the outer thigh or difficulty walking
  • Pain lying on the affected side
  • Tenderness to palpation
  • Aggravation of pain with hip rotation
  • Normal ROM
  • Midtrochanteric tenderness
21
Q

Lumbar nerve root irritation (Lumbar Radiculopathy): Pain associated with abnormal function of the LS nerve roots from pressure on the nerve.

A
  • Straight leg test (Lasegue Sign)
  • Heel and toe walking
  • Rectal tone
  • ROM/gait
  • Shooting, sharp pain associated with foot and leg pain and worsens with valsalva maneuver
  • Paresthesias
  • Associated deep tendon reflexes depressed or absent
  • Muscular weakness or atrophy may result
  • Cauda equina involvement may cause rectal or perineal pain with decreased perineal sensation and loss of sphincter control of bowel or bladder
  • Signs of LS sprain
22
Q

Lumbosacral Strain: Spasm and irritation of the supporting muscles of the lumbar spine

A
  • Minimal discomfort during or after the injury with pain and stiffness 12-36 hours after
  • Pain in back, buttocks or thighs and aggravated by standing or flexion
  • Tenderness and spasm in paraspinal muscles
  • “Straightened” LS curve
  • Normal neurologic exam
23
Q

Osteoarthritis of the hip: “Wear-and-tear” of the articular cartilage

A
  • Patrick-faber test (which may indicate hip joint, SI joint or iliopsoas pathology).
  • Complain of groin or thigh pain or loss of mobility
  • Morning stiffness
  • May have crepitus
  • Loss of normal gait
  • Decreased internal/external rotation
24
Q

Unstable Knee due to anterior/

posterior cruciate ligament tears: Disruption of cruciate ligaments of knee

A
  • Lachman test
  • Anterior drawer sign
  • Complaints of pain and swelling
  • May have an audible “pop” or “giving way”
  • Tenderness over ligament
25
Q

Medial collateral ligament strain: Irritation, inflammatory or partial separation of ligament

A
  • Pain with valgus stress
  • Perform ROM
  • Observe gait
  • Drawer test
  • Pain along inner aspect of the knee joint
  • Difficulty walking, pivoting and twisting
  • Tenderness over medial joint line
  • Edema
26
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligament Strain

A

Varus Test

27
Q

Meniscal tear of the knee: Disruption of fibrocartilage pads

A
  • McMurray’s sign
  • Apley Sign
  • Observe gait
  • Perform ROM
  • C/O pain as “popping,” “locking” or “giving out”
  • Swelling and pain
28
Q

Patellofemoral Pathology: Many conditions: subluxation, degenerative charges, arthritis (including chondromalaxia).

A
  • Normal ROM
  • Assess gait
  • Patella apprehension test
  • Clarke’s Sign
  • Anterior knee pain
  • “Noise” from the knee
  • Painful crepitation over patella
  • Patella may not glide smoothly
29
Q

Patellofemoral Stress Syndrome: Mild malalignment of the exterior mechanism of the knee. May be from repetitive microtrauma from overuse.

A
  • Abnormal Q angle
  • Dull, achey knee pain and may be associated with clicking or popping of the knee
  • Pain increases with prolonged sitting activity involving knee fusion
  • No swelling
  • Tenderness with compression of patella in femoral groove
30
Q

Prepatellar Bursitis: Inflammation of bursal sac overlying the patella

A
  • Knee pain
  • Swelling over patella
  • Tenderness over patella
  • Normal ROM of knee
31
Q

Osgood-Schlatter’s Disease: Degeneration of the tibial tubercle at the insertion site of the quadriceps ligament

A
  • Drawer test
  • Varus/valgus pain
  • Perform ROM
  • Observe gait
  • Painful swelling of the anterior aspect of the tibial tubercle
  • Point tenderness over tibial tubercle
  • Pain with strenuous activity over quadriceps muscles
32
Q

Ankle Clonus

A

-Ankle Flexion

33
Q

Gait: Assess for balance and gait

A

General deviation from standards

Assessment/Musculoskeletal (1 decks)

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