Musculoskeletal System Vocab Flashcards
Chondro
Relating to cartilage
Osteo
Relating to bones
Arthro
Relating to joints
Myelo-
Relating to bone marrow
Teno- or Tendino
Relating to tendons (tendons bind muscle to bones)
Ligamento
Relating to ligaments (ligaments bind bones to bones)
Burso
Relating to bursa (bursa are shock absorbers between tendons and bones)
Myo- or Myoso
Relating to muscle
-malacia
Softening
-porosis
The condition of being porous
-asthenosphere
Weakness, loss of strength
-trophy
Development, stimulation (uses the prefixes a- or an- negates the term. So atrophy means literally without development)
-alga or -algesia
Pain
-itis
Inflammation
-oma
Swelling and tumor
Axial skeleton
The trunk of the body (excluding arms and legs)
Cervical
Uppermost area of spine (top seven vertebrae)
Coccyx
Lower tip of the spine
Diaphysis
The shaft part of the long bone
Distal Skeleton
Bones farthest from the axial skeleton ( lower arms, lower legs, hands, feet)
Epiphysis
The knob end of a long bone
Intervertebral disc
A cartilage cushion between vertebrae in the spine
Lumbar
Spine of the lower back (five vertebrae below thoracic)
Metaphysis
Where the diaphysis joins the epiphysis.
Proximal skeleton
Bones closest to the axial skeleton (upper arms and legs)
Sacrum
Vertebrae within the pelvic girdle, which fuse in late teens
Thoracic
Spine of the upper body (middle twelve vertebrae)
Vertebra
A cylindrical bone of the spinal column, enclosing the spinal cord
Flexors
Muscles that contract or bend at the joint
Extensors
Muscles that extend at the joint (opposite of flexors)
Abductors
Muscles that move the body parts away from the trunk.
Adductors
Muscles that move body parts toward the trunk.
Greenstick fracture
Incomplete fracture (think of breaking a tree branch that is still green)
Closed fracture
Simple, complete
Open fracture
Compound
Impacted fracture
Telescoped
Spiral fracture
The break encircles the bone in a spiral shape
Comminuted fracture
The bone is broken, splintered or crushed in several pieces
