Musculoskeletal system: conditions Flashcards

Rheumatoid Arthritis

1
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

A

A chronic autoimmune disease causing joint inflammation, pain, deformity, and immobility, often affecting fingers, wrists, feet, and ankles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain the cause of RA

A

The immune system mistakenly attacks the cells lining the joints, leading to inflammation, cartilage erosion, and joint damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the symmetry of RA symptoms

A

RA symptoms are usually symmetrical, affecting joints on both sides of the body simultaneously.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why does RA increase the risk of osteoporosis?

A

Chronic inflammation and immobility contribute to bone loss and weakness, increasing osteoporosis risk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain how RA impacts physical health

A

Joint pain, swelling, and stiffness (often worse in the morning).
Tingling or burning sensations from nerve irritation.
Joint deformities and limited motion from long-term damage.
Increases risk of osteoporosis and bone loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does RA affect mental health?

A

Chronic pain, fatigue, and mobility issues cause stress, anxiety, depression, and feelings of isolation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name one way RA affects other systems in the body

A

It can cause skin rashes, eye problems (dryness/redness), or increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the main goal of anti-rheumatic drugs?

A

To suppress the immune system, reduce inflammation, and slow disease progression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the purpose of physiotherapy in RA treatment

A

Improves joint mobility, muscle strength, and function, while providing pain relief through techniques like heat therapy or cold packs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name three types of RA surgery

A

Joint replacement: Replace damaged joints with prosthetics.
Arthrodesis: Fuse joints to reduce pain and stabilize.
Synovectomy: Remove inflamed synovium to relieve pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name one DMARD and its purpose in treating RA

A

Methotrexate: Reduces inflammation and joint damage by suppressing the immune system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain how biological treatments work for RA

A

They target specific immune processes (e.g., TNF-alpha inhibitors like Adalimumab) to reduce inflammation and joint damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why are biological treatments often combined with DMARDs?

A

To enhance the effectiveness of reducing inflammation and disease progression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A patient with RA has chronic morning stiffness lasting over an hour. Explain why this occurs

A

Prolonged joint inflammation leads to stiffness, which is often worse after periods of inactivity like sleeping.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe how RA increases the risk of cardiovascular problems

A

Chronic inflammation can damage blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A patient with RA is prescribed physiotherapy. Explain how this supports joint health

A

Physiotherapy strengthens muscles, improves mobility, and teaches joint-protection techniques, reducing pain and disability.

17
Q

How does RA cause joint deformities over time?

A

Persistent inflammation damages cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, leading to joint instability and deformities.

18
Q

Why are assistive devices recommended for RA patients?

A

Devices like splints or braces support weakened joints, reduce strain, and prevent further damage.