Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What is the cardinal symptom of compartment syndrome?
Out-of-proportion pain
What is a late-symptom of compartment syndrome?
Paralysis
What lab value will show an increase within 4-hours of onset of compartment syndrome?
Myoglobin levels
What type of patient is at highest-risk of compartment syndrome?
Young males with large muscle mass
Which bones in the adult and child are at highest-risk for developing compartment syndrome if fractured?
Tibial diaphysis (adult), distal radius (adult), supracondylar humerus (child)
Name 4 classes of medications that can impair bone healing.
Anticoagulants, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, chemotherapy agents, glucocorticoids
A patient will be getting a reduction of the distal tibia. When is the patient most at-risk of developing compartment syndrome?
Immediately after the reduction. The next time is 4-hours after the reduction.
What is the definitive treatment for compartment syndrome?
Fasciotomy
For parathyroid hormone, estrogen, thyroid hormone, and growth hormone, match the major function to the hormone:
- Bone turnover
- Stimulate bone development
- Calcium homeostasis and bone formation
- Bone maturity
Parathyroid hormone > calcium homeostasis and bone formation
Estrogen > bone turnover
Thyroid hormone > stimulate bone development
Growth hormone > bone maturity
What is the difference between a strain, a sprain, and a fracture?
Strain > injury to muscle/tendon (where muscle attaches to bone)
Sprain > injury to ligament (where bone attaches to other bone)
Fracture > injury to bone
For the radius, tib/fib, femur, and pelvis, match the approximate blood volume to the bone:
- 500 mL
- 250 mL
- 2000 mL
- 1000 mL
Radius > 250 mL (up to 500)
Tib/Fib > 500 mL
Femur > 1000 mL
Pelvis > 2000 (anywhere from 1500 to 3000 mL)
A ski jumper sustained an injury to their right ankle a month ago but did not seek medical attention. Since then, they’ve noticed increasing right ankle pain and intermittent fevers throughout the last month. What condition should be considered for this patient?
Osteomyelitis
Describe the process of dealing with an amputated limb until the patient is able to go the operating room.
Clean off any obvious debris that you can, and then place the limb into a clean bag with moistened saline gauze. Place the bag on ice. Do NOT put the limb directly on ice.
What is the maximum time-frame for re-implantation of an amputated limb that has not been cooled?
6-8 hours (and up to 10-12 hours for a finger)
What is the difference between an inversion and eversion injury of the ankle?
An inversion injury is damage to the lateral ligaments and causes the foot to turn inward. An eversion injury is damage to the medial ligaments and causes the foot to turn outward.
