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NPTE - Scorebuilders > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Which energy system is used for ATP production during high intesity, short duration exercises?

A

ATP - PC

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2
Q

ATP - PC System

A

Most rapidly available source of ATP for use by muscle
It doesn’t depend on a long series of reactions
It doesn’t depend on oxygen
Both ATP and PC are stored directly in the contractile mechanisms of muscles

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3
Q

Which energy system is a major supplier of ATP during high intensity, medium duration activities?

A

Anaerobic glycolysis / Lactic Acid

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4
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis

A

Stored glycogen is split into glucose. Through glycolysis, glucose is again split into lactic acid.

It doesn’t require O2
It only used CHO
It releases enough energy for the resynthesis of only small amounts of ATP

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5
Q

Which system is used during low intensity, long duration exercise?

A

O2 system yields way more ATP, but is requires a lot of reactions

Provides energy through the oxidation of food

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6
Q

Class 1 Lever

A

The fulcrum is located between the force and the resistance.

EX: triceps during elbow extension

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7
Q

Class 2 Lever

A

The resistance is between the fulcrum and the force.

Example: The arm during a push up or a wheelbarrow

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8
Q

Class 3 Lever

A

The force is between the fulcrum and the resistance.

Example: Elbow flexion

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9
Q

Free Nerve Endings

A

Location: Joint capsule, ligaments, synovium, fat pads

Sensitivity: One type is sensitive to non-noxious mechanical stress, the other is sensitive to noxious mechanical or biomechanical stimuli

Primary Distribution: All joints

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10
Q

Golgi Ligament Endings

A

Location: Ligaments, adjacent to ligaments’ bony attachment

Sensitivity: Tension or stretch on ligament

Primary Distribution: Majority of joints

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11
Q

Golgi-Mazzoni Corpuscles

A

Location: Joint capsule

Sensitivity: Compression of a joint

Primary Distribution: Knee joint, joint capsule

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12
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles

A

Location: Fibrous layer of joint capsule

Sensitivity: High frequency vibration , acceleration, and high velocity changes in joint position

Primary Distribution: All joints

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13
Q

Ruffini Endings

A

Location: Fibrous layer of joint capsule

Sensitivity: Stretching of the joint capsule, amplitude and velocity of joint position

Primary Distribution: Greater density in proximal joints, particularly in capsular regions

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14
Q

Type One Muscle Fiber

A 
Aerobic
Red
Tonic
Slow-twitch 
Slow oxidative

Low fatigability
High capillary density
High myoglobin content
Smaller fibers
Extensive blood supply 
Large amount of mitochondria
Marathon, swimming
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15
Q

Type Two Muscle Fibers

A 
Anaerobic
White 
Phasic
Fast twitch 
Fast glycolytic

High fatigability 
Low capillary density 
Low myoglobin content 
Larger fibers
Less blood supply 
Fewer mitochondria
High jump, sprinting
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16
Q

Muscle Receptor: Muscle Spindle

A

Distributed throughout the belly of the muscle

Send info to the nervous system about muscle length and the rate of change in length

Important in posture and involuntary movements

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17
Q

Muscle Receptor: Golgi Tendon Organ

A

Encapsulated sensory receptors in the muscle tendons

Sensitive to tension, especially when produced from an active muscle contraction

Transmit information about the tension and rate of change in tension within the muscle

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18
Q

TMJ Depression

A

Lateral pterygoid
Suprahyoid
Infrahyoid

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19
Q

TMJ Elevation

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid

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20
Q

TMJ Protrusion

A

Masseter
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid

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21
Q

TMJ Retrusion

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Digastric

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22
Q

TMJ Deviation

A

Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
Masseter
Temporalis

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23
Q

Cervical Flexion

A

SCM
Longus colli
Scalenes

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24
Q

Cervical Extension

A 
Splenius cervicis
Semispinalis
Iliocostalis
Longissimus 
Multifidus
Trapezius
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25
Cervical Rotation + Sidebending
``` SCM Scalenes Splenius cervicis Longissimus Levator Scap Multifidus ```
26
Thoracic Flexion
Rectus Abdominus Internal obliques External obliques
27
Thoracic Extension
Erector spinae Quadratus lumborum Multifidus
28
Thoracic Rotation and Lateral Bending
``` Psoas major Quadratus lumborum External oblique Internal oblique Multifidus Longissimus Iliocostalis Rotatores ```
29
Scapular Elevation
Upper trap | Levator scap
30
Scapular Depression
Latissimus dorsi Pec major Pec minor Lower trap
31
Scapular Protraction
Serratus ant | Pec minor
32
Scapular Retraction
Middle trap | Rhomboids
33
Scapular Upward Rotation
Upper trap lower trap Serratus ant
34
Scapular Downward Rotation
Rhomboids Levator scap Pec minor
35
Shoulder Flexion
Ant delt Coracobrachialis Pec major (clavicular head) Biceps
36
Shoulder Extension
Latissimus dorsi Post delt Teres major Triceps (long head)
37
Shoulder Abduction
Middle delt | Supraspinatus
38
Shoulder Adduction
Pec major Latissimus dorsi Teres major
39
Shoulder Horizontal Abduction
Post delt Infraspinatus Teres minor
40
Shoulder Horizontal Adduction
Ant delt | Pec major
41
Shoulder External Rotation
Teres minor Infraspinatus Post delt
42
Shoulder Internal Rotation
``` Subscapularis Teres major Pec major Lat dorsi Ant delt ```
43
Elbow Flexion
Biceps Brachialis Brachioradialis
44
Elbow Extension
Triceps | Anconeus
45
Radioulnar Joint Supination
Biceps | Supinator
46
Radioulnar Joint Pronation
Pronator teres | Pronator quadratus
47
Wrist Flexion
Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus
48
Wrist extension
Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris
49
Radial Deviation
Extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis Flexor carpi radialis Extensor pollicis longus
50
Ulnar Deviation
Extensor carpi ulnaris | Flexor carpi ulnaris
51
Finger Flexion
``` Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digiti minimi Interossei Lumbricals ```
52
Finger Extension
Extensor digitorum Extensor indicis Extensor digiti minimi
53
Finger Abduction
Dorsal interossei | Abductor digiti minimi
54
Finger Adduction
Palmar interossei
55
Thumb Flexion
Flexor pollicis longus Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis
56
Thumb Extension
Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Adductor pollicis
57
Thumb Opposition
Opponens pollicis Flexor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis brevis
58
Hip Flexion
Iliiopsoas Sartorius Rectus Femoris Pectineus
59
Hip Extension
``` Glut max Glut med Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps femoris ```
60
Hip Abduction
``` Glut med Glut min Piriformis Obturator internus Tensor fasciae latae ```
61
Hip Adduction
Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Gracilis
62
Hip Medial Rotation
``` Tensor fasciae latae Glut med Glut min Pectineus Adductor longus ```
63
Hip Lateral Rotation
``` Glut max Obturator externus Obturator internus Piriformis Gemelli Sartorius ```
64
Knee Flexion
Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Sartorius
65
Knee Extension
Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius
66
Ankle Plantarflexion
``` Post tib Gastrocnemius Soleus Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis Plantaris Flexor hallicus ```
67
Ankle Dorsiflexion
Tib ant Extensor hallicus longus Extensor digitorum longus Peroneus tertius
68
Ankle Inversion
Post tib Tib ant Flexor digitorum longus
69
Ankle Eversion
Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis Fibularis tertius
70
Toe Flexion
``` Flexor digitorum longus + brevis Flexor hallucis longus + brevis Flexor digiti minimi Quadratus plantae Lumbricals ```
71
Toe Extension
Extensor digitorum longus + brevis Extensor hallucis longus + brevis Lumbricals
72
Toe Abduction
Abductor hallucis Abductor digiti minimi Dorsal interossei
73
Toe Adduction
Adductor hallucis | Plantar interossei
74
GH Joint Open Pack Position
55 degrees abd | 30 degrees horizontal adduction
75
GH Closed Pack Position
abduction and external rotation
76
GH Capsular Pattern
ER > ABD > IR
77
Sternoclavicular Open Pack Position
Arm resting by side
78
Sternoclavicular Closed Pack Position
Maximum shoulder elevation
79
Sternoclavicular Capsular Pattern
Pain at extreme ranges of motion
80
Acromioclavicular Open Pack Position
arm resting by side
81
Acromioclavicular Closed Pack Position
arm abducted to 90 degrees
82
Acromioclavicular Capsular Pattern
pain at extremes of range of movement
83
Shoulder Flexion muscles
anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, pectoralis major (clavicular head), biceps brachii
84
Shoulder extension muscles
latissimus dorsi, posterior deltoid, teres major, triceps brachii (long head)
85
Shoulder abduction muscles
middle deltoid, supraspinatus
86
Shoulder adduction muscles
pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major
87
Shoulder lateral rotation muscles
teres minor, infraspinatus, posterior deltoid
88
Shoulder medial rotation muscles
subscapularis, teres major, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, anterior deltoid
89
Shoulder horizontal abduction muscles
posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor
90
Shoulder horizontal adduction muscles
anterior deltoid, pectoralis major
91
Scapular elevation muscles
Upper trap, lecator scap
92
Scapular depression muscles
latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, lower trap
93
Scapular protraction muscles
Serratus anterior, pectoralis minor
94
Scapular retraction muscles
trapezius (middle), rhomboids
95
Scapular Upward Rotation muscles
Trapezius (upper and lower), serratus anterior
96
Scapular Downward rotation muscles
Rhomboids, levator scapule, pectoralis minor
97
Acromioclavicular Ligaments
Help to control horizontal movements of the clavicle
98
Coracoacromial Ligament
Forms a roof over the humeral head The ligament helps to limit superior translation of the humeral head and also helps prevent separation of the acromioclavicular joint

NPTE - Scorebuilders (1 decks)

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