Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Which energy system is used for ATP production during high intesity, short duration exercises?
ATP - PC
ATP - PC System
Most rapidly available source of ATP for use by muscle
It doesn’t depend on a long series of reactions
It doesn’t depend on oxygen
Both ATP and PC are stored directly in the contractile mechanisms of muscles
Which energy system is a major supplier of ATP during high intensity, medium duration activities?
Anaerobic glycolysis / Lactic Acid
Anaerobic Glycolysis
Stored glycogen is split into glucose. Through glycolysis, glucose is again split into lactic acid.
It doesn’t require O2
It only used CHO
It releases enough energy for the resynthesis of only small amounts of ATP
Which system is used during low intensity, long duration exercise?
O2 system yields way more ATP, but is requires a lot of reactions
Provides energy through the oxidation of food
Class 1 Lever
The fulcrum is located between the force and the resistance.
EX: triceps during elbow extension
Class 2 Lever
The resistance is between the fulcrum and the force.
Example: The arm during a push up or a wheelbarrow
Class 3 Lever
The force is between the fulcrum and the resistance.
Example: Elbow flexion
Free Nerve Endings
Location: Joint capsule, ligaments, synovium, fat pads
Sensitivity: One type is sensitive to non-noxious mechanical stress, the other is sensitive to noxious mechanical or biomechanical stimuli
Primary Distribution: All joints
Golgi Ligament Endings
Location: Ligaments, adjacent to ligaments’ bony attachment
Sensitivity: Tension or stretch on ligament
Primary Distribution: Majority of joints
Golgi-Mazzoni Corpuscles
Location: Joint capsule
Sensitivity: Compression of a joint
Primary Distribution: Knee joint, joint capsule
Pacinian Corpuscles
Location: Fibrous layer of joint capsule
Sensitivity: High frequency vibration , acceleration, and high velocity changes in joint position
Primary Distribution: All joints
Ruffini Endings
Location: Fibrous layer of joint capsule
Sensitivity: Stretching of the joint capsule, amplitude and velocity of joint position
Primary Distribution: Greater density in proximal joints, particularly in capsular regions
Type One Muscle Fiber
Aerobic Red Tonic Slow-twitch Slow oxidative
Low fatigability High capillary density High myoglobin content Smaller fibers Extensive blood supply Large amount of mitochondria Marathon, swimming
Type Two Muscle Fibers
Anaerobic White Phasic Fast twitch Fast glycolytic
High fatigability Low capillary density Low myoglobin content Larger fibers Less blood supply Fewer mitochondria High jump, sprinting
Muscle Receptor: Muscle Spindle
Distributed throughout the belly of the muscle
Send info to the nervous system about muscle length and the rate of change in length
Important in posture and involuntary movements
Muscle Receptor: Golgi Tendon Organ
Encapsulated sensory receptors in the muscle tendons
Sensitive to tension, especially when produced from an active muscle contraction
Transmit information about the tension and rate of change in tension within the muscle
TMJ Depression
Lateral pterygoid
Suprahyoid
Infrahyoid
TMJ Elevation
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
TMJ Protrusion
Masseter
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
TMJ Retrusion
Temporalis
Masseter
Digastric
TMJ Deviation
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
Masseter
Temporalis
Cervical Flexion
SCM
Longus colli
Scalenes
Cervical Extension
Splenius cervicis Semispinalis Iliocostalis Longissimus Multifidus Trapezius
Cervical Rotation + Sidebending
SCM Scalenes Splenius cervicis Longissimus Levator Scap Multifidus
Thoracic Flexion
Rectus Abdominus
Internal obliques
External obliques
Thoracic Extension
Erector spinae
Quadratus lumborum
Multifidus
Thoracic Rotation and Lateral Bending
Psoas major Quadratus lumborum External oblique Internal oblique Multifidus Longissimus Iliocostalis Rotatores
Scapular Elevation
Upper trap
Levator scap
Scapular Depression
Latissimus dorsi
Pec major
Pec minor
Lower trap
Scapular Protraction
Serratus ant
Pec minor
Scapular Retraction
Middle trap
Rhomboids
Scapular Upward Rotation
Upper trap
lower trap
Serratus ant
Scapular Downward Rotation
Rhomboids
Levator scap
Pec minor
Shoulder Flexion
Ant delt
Coracobrachialis
Pec major (clavicular head)
Biceps
Shoulder Extension
Latissimus dorsi
Post delt
Teres major
Triceps (long head)
Shoulder Abduction
Middle delt
Supraspinatus
Shoulder Adduction
Pec major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Shoulder Horizontal Abduction
Post delt
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
