Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What structures/landmarks are found on the costal surface of the scapula?
-Subscapular fossa -Coracoid process
What two general parts can any vertebrae be split into?
-Vertebral body -Vertebral arch
How is the muscle relaxed?
Removal of the calcium: -Pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum by Ca2+ pumps -Some binds to calmodulin
What movements do plane synovial joints permit? Give an example of where they can be found.
-Gliding -Sliding Acromioclavicular joint
What is the structural defect underlying congenital dislocation of the hip?
Underdevelopment of acetabulum and head of femur.
What type of cartilage in the intervertebral disc made of?
Fibrocartilage
Where is the subacromial bursae found? What is its function?
Between the acromion process of the scapula and the joint capsule. It allows relatively friction free movement of the subscapularis tendon under the coracoacromial arch, and of the deltoid muscle over the joint capsule.
What are the two main functions of the anconeus muscle?
-Assists triceps in extension of forearm -Stabilises the elbow joint N.B. may also abduct ulna during pronation
What structures/landmarks are found on the lateral border of the scapula?
-Supraglenoid tubercle -Glenoid fossa -Infraglenoid tubercle
What are the medial rotators of the gluteal region?
-Gluteus medius -Gluteus minimus
What two nerves innervate the adductor magnus?
-Adductor part is innervated by the obturator nerve (L2-L4) -Hamstring part is innervated by the tibial nerve (L4-S3)
What type of movements are permitted at the wrist joint?
-Flexion -Extension -Abduction -Adduction
What is the significance of the spinal process of thoracic vertebrae being slanted anteriorly and inferiorly?
Increased protection to the spinal cord, preventing an object like a knife entering the spinal canal through the intervetebral discs.
What do the infraspinous and supraspinous ligaments do?
Connect the spinous processes of each vertebrae together
Which nerve innervates the gluteus medius and minims?
Superior gluteal nerve
Where are suture joints found?
Skull
What is kyphosis?
Excessive thoracic curvature, causing a hunchback deformity.
What two muscles are responsible for ABduction of the thumb?
Abductor pollicis longus and abductor pollicis brevis.
What do the palmar interossei muscles do?
Adduct the fingers at the MCP joint
What makes up the floor of the cubital fossa?
Brachialis and the supinator muscle
What is the medial wall of the axilla made up of?
Serratus anterior and the thoracic wall (ribs and intercostal muscles)
What factors contribute to stability of the shoulder joint?
-Rotator cuff muscles attach to the tubercles of the humerus AND the capsule. The tone of the muscles pulls the humerus head into the glenoid cavity, strengthening the joint. -Glenoid labrum deepens the glenoid cavity to reduce risk of dislocation -Ligaments provide additional stability
What nerve innervates the illiacus?
Femoral nerve
What action is the supraspinatus muscle responsible for?
Abduction of the arm (first 15 degrees)