Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

What are the 5 basic bone functions?

Answer 1

Structure, leverage, protection, mineral reserves, blood cell production

Question 2

How much of a dried bone is organic vs. inorganic?

Answer 2

Organic: 30%
Inorganic: 70%

Question 3

What are the 3 types of bone cells called?

Answer 3

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, & osteoclasts

Question 4

What are osteoblasts?

Answer 4

They lay down the collagen matrix

Question 5

What are osteocytes?

Answer 5

They are responsible for maintaining bone matrix

Question 6

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 6

They are large cells that release minerals from the bone

Question 7

What are fibrous joints?

Answer 7

Joints where the bones are brought together with a dense connective tissue

Question 8

What are cartilage joints?

Answer 8

Joints where the bones are connected with cartilage

Question 9

What are synovial joints?

Answer 9

Moveable joints enclosed with a joint capsule, where articular cartilage covers contact surfaces of the 2 bones, and synovial fluid acts as a lubricant, and provides nutrients

Question 10

What is flexion?

Answer 10

When the angle between 2 bones decreases

Question 11

What is extension?

Answer 11

When the angle between 2 bones increases

Question 12

What is abduction?

Answer 12

When a part is moved away from the body

Question 13

What is adduction?

Answer 13

When a part is moved closer to the body

Question 14

What are hinge joints?

Answer 14

Joints that allow movement on 1 axis

Question 15

What are pivot joints?

Answer 15

Joints that allow rotation around a joint

Question 16

What are ellipsoid joints?

Answer 16

Joints that allow both hinge & rotation movement

Question 17

What are ball-and-socket joints?

Answer 17

Joints that allow for movement in any direction

Question 18

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

Answer 18

Skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum

Question 19

What does the vertebral column consist of?

Answer 19

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, & sacral vertebrae

Question 20

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 20

Bones of the limbs

Question 21

Why does a falling cat rarely break a leg?

Answer 21

The elbow flexes as the scapula rotates, they become more likely to break their lower jaw on impact

Question 22

How do you diagnose a torn cranial cruciate ligament in dogs?

Answer 22

With the cranial drawer sign

Question 23

What two parts does a long bone divide into?

Answer 23

The diaphysis (shaft) and epiphysis (ends)

Question 24

What is ossification?

Answer 24

When cartilage is replaced by true bone

Question 25

What happens if either the radius or the ulna stops growing?

Answer 25

The other bone continues to grow, causing the leg to curve

Question 26

How many density stages are there in radiology?

Answer 26

Five (ranging from radiolucent to radiopaque)