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GCSE AQA PE > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the musculoskeletal system

A

Organ system made up of mostly muscle and an incompressible skeleton of bones, along with cartilages and connective tissue

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2
Q

How many bones in the body

A

206

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3
Q

State the bones found in the head

A

Cranium
Mandible

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4
Q

State the bones in the shoulder and chest

A

Sternum
Scapula
Ribs
Verterbrae

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5
Q

State the bones found in the arms and hands

A

Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Meta-carpals
Phalanges

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6
Q

State the bones found in the pelvic area, legs and feet

A

Pelvis
Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tibia
Talus
Tarsals
Meta-tarsals
Phalanges

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7
Q

What is the cranium

A

Anatomical term for skull found within the head

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8
Q

What is the veterbrae

A

Collection of bones that make up the spine

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9
Q

What is the scapula

A

Anatomical term for the shoulder term

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10
Q

What is the humerus

A

A large bone in the upper arm between the shoulder and elbow joint

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11
Q

What are the ribs

A

Bones which form a cage structure in the upper chest

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12
Q

What is the sternum

A

Anatomical term for the breast bone in front of the chest

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13
Q

What is the radius and ulma

A

Bones in the lower arm between the elbow and wrist
Radius is the outer bone in the diagrams on the side of the thumb
Ulna is the inner bone of the diagrams and is on the side of the pinky finger

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14
Q

What is the pelvis

A

Anatomical term for the hip bone

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15
Q

What is the femur

A

A large bone found in the upper lev between the hip and knee joint

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16
Q

What is the tibia and fibula

A

Both in the lower leg between the knee and ankle
Tibia is the shin bone at the front of the leg
Fibula is smaller bone at the back of the leg

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17
Q

What is the talus

A

Ankle of the foot

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18
Q

What is the main role of the skeleton

A

To help provide a framework for movement

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19
Q

What is a joint

A

Connection between two or more bones and is where movement takes place

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20
Q

What allows movement to take place

A

The structure and position of bones in the skeletal system

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21
Q

How does the skeleton help create movement

A

Skeleton provides point of attachment for tendons and muscles. The muscles will then contract which will pull on bones which create movement

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22
Q

Why are there different joints

A

Different joints allow different types of movement

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23
Q

What do long bones allow

A

They enable gross or large scale movements like running or standing up

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24
Q

What do short bones allow

A

They enable finer and controlled movements such as articulation of the fingers

25
Q

What do flat bones do

A

They protect organs from damge

26
Q

What are the functions of the skeleton

A

Support
Protect
Movement
Shape
Mineral storage
Production of blood cells

27
Q

How does the skeleton support our body

A

It keeps up upright and keeps all of our body parts in the correct positions

28
Q

How does the skeleton protect our body

A

Flat bones protect vital internal organs that would otherwise be vulnerable to damage from impact

29
Q

How does the skeleton provide movement

A

Bones at as a point of attachment for the muscles which aide the movement

30
Q

How does the skeleton affect the shape of our body

A

The bones play a role in the physical build of people and athletes and their improved performance in certain sports as a result
E.g. people with long bones in the arms and legs have an advantage in a sport like basketball due to height and are more suited to play professionally

31
Q

How does the skeleton provide mineral storage

A

Bones act as a storage for minerals like calcium and phosphorus which can be released of the body has an essential need for them

32
Q

How does the skeleton help in blood cell production

A

Some bones have hollow openings in its centre, these contain bone marrow
One of the functions of bone marrow is that it is site of blood cell creation such as red and white blood cells

33
Q

Function of red and white blood cells

A

Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body using haemoglobin for respiration
White blood cells help fight infections by destroying pathogens

34
Q

How many muscles are in the body

A

There are around 600 muscles

35
Q

What are the roles of muscles

A

Movement of bones
Cardiac muscles cause the heart to beat
Smooth muscle around the organs help with systems like digestion

36
Q

Muscles found in the front of the chest and stomach

A

Pectorals
Rotator ciff
Biceps
Abdominals

37
Q

Muscles found in the back and lower back of the body

A

Deltoid
Triceps
Gluteals

38
Q

Muscles found in the legs (front and back)

A

Front: quadriceps, tibialis anterior
Back: hamstrings
Gastrocnemius and hip flexors found in front and back

39
Q

What is the function and the position of the latissimus dorsi

A

Connected to the humerus bone in the arm
Helps move the shoulder and the upper arm
Important for sports like climbing

40
Q

What is the function and position of the deltoid

A

Positioned over the top of the shoulder
Helps raise the arms

41
Q

What is the function and the position of the rotator cuffs

A

Connect to the upper arm at the shoulder
Help rotate and extend the shoulder
Used during bowling in cricket and baseball

42
Q

What is the function and the position of the pectorals

A

Muscles in front of the chest that connect with the shoulder
Assist with the movement of the shoulder and arm bones
Example is throwing a ball underarm

43
Q

What is the function and the position of the biceps

A

Large muscle in front of the upper arm which connects to the lower arm
Helps raise the lower arm causing flexion at the elbow
Important during the action of lifting

44
Q

What is the function and the position of the triceps

A

Large muscles in the back of the upper arm and connects with the lower arm
Helps to straighten the arm causing extension at the elbow

45
Q

What is the function and the position of the abdominals

A

Groups of muscles located in the lower front of the body between the ribs and pelvis bones
Helps stabilise the core of the body and support the internal organs near that area
Assist with movements such as twisting the waist, sitting up and bending to the side

46
Q

What is the function and the position of the hip flexors

A

Group of muscles that connect around the pelvic bone
Help raise and lower and rotate the femur
Important for running as well as kicking sports such as taekwondo and running

47
Q

What is the function and the position of the gluteals

A

Muscles of the buttocks
Position around the outside of the back of the pelvis bones
Help with the movment of the upper leg and knee joint
Important for sports like cycling and rowing

48
Q

What is the function and the position of the hamstrings

A

Group of three muscles in the back of the thigh of the upper leg What is the function and the position of the
Enable flexion of the leg at the knee

49
Q

What is the function and the position of the quadriceps group

A

Group of muscles at the front of the thigh
Straghten the knee causing extension at the knee
Important for moving the leg forward like in football

50
Q

What is the function and the position of the gastrocnemius

A

Found in the calf at the back of the lower leg
Flexes the knee and foot
Essential for the activites of running and jumping

51
Q

What is the function and the position of the tibialis anterior

A

Found in the shin at the front of the lower leg
Helps to draw the foot up at the ankle during walking or running

52
Q

What is a tendon

A

Length of strong connective tissue that connect muscle to bond
They are tough and inelastic so the do not stretch when the muscle is contracting and pulling on the bone

53
Q

What is the synovial joint

A

Most common type of join in the human body
Characterised by a joint cavity filled with a lubricating synovial fluid

54
Q

What is the purpose of synovial fluid

A

It reduces friction between two bones

55
Q

State the structure of a synovial joint

A

Joint between two bones which has a joint cavity in betwwem filled with synovial fluid
The fluid will be produced by the synovial membrane which surrounds the joint
The joint capsule then surrounds the membrane and seals the joint space and providing stability to the joint. It is made from tough fibrous tissue

56
Q

What is the synovial joint capable of

A

Capable of variety of different movements
But it depends of the structure within the joint and the joint type and the ligaments

57
Q

Type of synovial joint

A

Ball and socket
Hinge

58
Q

Example of ball and socket joint

A

The hip joint

GCSE AQA PE (6 decks)

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