Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What is the musculoskeletal system
Organ system made up of mostly muscle and an incompressible skeleton of bones, along with cartilages and connective tissue
How many bones in the body
206
State the bones found in the head
Cranium
Mandible
State the bones in the shoulder and chest
Sternum
Scapula
Ribs
Verterbrae
State the bones found in the arms and hands
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Meta-carpals
Phalanges
State the bones found in the pelvic area, legs and feet
Pelvis
Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tibia
Talus
Tarsals
Meta-tarsals
Phalanges
What is the cranium
Anatomical term for skull found within the head
What is the veterbrae
Collection of bones that make up the spine
What is the scapula
Anatomical term for the shoulder term
What is the humerus
A large bone in the upper arm between the shoulder and elbow joint
What are the ribs
Bones which form a cage structure in the upper chest
What is the sternum
Anatomical term for the breast bone in front of the chest
What is the radius and ulma
Bones in the lower arm between the elbow and wrist
Radius is the outer bone in the diagrams on the side of the thumb
Ulna is the inner bone of the diagrams and is on the side of the pinky finger
What is the pelvis
Anatomical term for the hip bone
What is the femur
A large bone found in the upper lev between the hip and knee joint
What is the tibia and fibula
Both in the lower leg between the knee and ankle
Tibia is the shin bone at the front of the leg
Fibula is smaller bone at the back of the leg
What is the talus
Ankle of the foot
What is the main role of the skeleton
To help provide a framework for movement
What is a joint
Connection between two or more bones and is where movement takes place
What allows movement to take place
The structure and position of bones in the skeletal system
How does the skeleton help create movement
Skeleton provides point of attachment for tendons and muscles. The muscles will then contract which will pull on bones which create movement
Why are there different joints
Different joints allow different types of movement
What do long bones allow
They enable gross or large scale movements like running or standing up
What do short bones allow
They enable finer and controlled movements such as articulation of the fingers
What do flat bones do
They protect organs from damge
What are the functions of the skeleton
Support
Protect
Movement
Shape
Mineral storage
Production of blood cells
How does the skeleton support our body
It keeps up upright and keeps all of our body parts in the correct positions
How does the skeleton protect our body
Flat bones protect vital internal organs that would otherwise be vulnerable to damage from impact
How does the skeleton provide movement
Bones at as a point of attachment for the muscles which aide the movement
How does the skeleton affect the shape of our body
The bones play a role in the physical build of people and athletes and their improved performance in certain sports as a result
E.g. people with long bones in the arms and legs have an advantage in a sport like basketball due to height and are more suited to play professionally
How does the skeleton provide mineral storage
Bones act as a storage for minerals like calcium and phosphorus which can be released of the body has an essential need for them
How does the skeleton help in blood cell production
Some bones have hollow openings in its centre, these contain bone marrow
One of the functions of bone marrow is that it is site of blood cell creation such as red and white blood cells
Function of red and white blood cells
Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body using haemoglobin for respiration
White blood cells help fight infections by destroying pathogens
How many muscles are in the body
There are around 600 muscles
What are the roles of muscles
Movement of bones
Cardiac muscles cause the heart to beat
Smooth muscle around the organs help with systems like digestion
Muscles found in the front of the chest and stomach
Pectorals
Rotator ciff
Biceps
Abdominals
Muscles found in the back and lower back of the body
Deltoid
Triceps
Gluteals
Muscles found in the legs (front and back)
Front: quadriceps, tibialis anterior
Back: hamstrings
Gastrocnemius and hip flexors found in front and back
What is the function and the position of the latissimus dorsi
Connected to the humerus bone in the arm
Helps move the shoulder and the upper arm
Important for sports like climbing
What is the function and position of the deltoid
Positioned over the top of the shoulder
Helps raise the arms
What is the function and the position of the rotator cuffs
Connect to the upper arm at the shoulder
Help rotate and extend the shoulder
Used during bowling in cricket and baseball
What is the function and the position of the pectorals
Muscles in front of the chest that connect with the shoulder
Assist with the movement of the shoulder and arm bones
Example is throwing a ball underarm
What is the function and the position of the biceps
Large muscle in front of the upper arm which connects to the lower arm
Helps raise the lower arm causing flexion at the elbow
Important during the action of lifting
What is the function and the position of the triceps
Large muscles in the back of the upper arm and connects with the lower arm
Helps to straighten the arm causing extension at the elbow
What is the function and the position of the abdominals
Groups of muscles located in the lower front of the body between the ribs and pelvis bones
Helps stabilise the core of the body and support the internal organs near that area
Assist with movements such as twisting the waist, sitting up and bending to the side
What is the function and the position of the hip flexors
Group of muscles that connect around the pelvic bone
Help raise and lower and rotate the femur
Important for running as well as kicking sports such as taekwondo and running
What is the function and the position of the gluteals
Muscles of the buttocks
Position around the outside of the back of the pelvis bones
Help with the movment of the upper leg and knee joint
Important for sports like cycling and rowing
What is the function and the position of the hamstrings
Group of three muscles in the back of the thigh of the upper leg What is the function and the position of the
Enable flexion of the leg at the knee
What is the function and the position of the quadriceps group
Group of muscles at the front of the thigh
Straghten the knee causing extension at the knee
Important for moving the leg forward like in football
What is the function and the position of the gastrocnemius
Found in the calf at the back of the lower leg
Flexes the knee and foot
Essential for the activites of running and jumping
What is the function and the position of the tibialis anterior
Found in the shin at the front of the lower leg
Helps to draw the foot up at the ankle during walking or running
What is a tendon
Length of strong connective tissue that connect muscle to bond
They are tough and inelastic so the do not stretch when the muscle is contracting and pulling on the bone
What is the synovial joint
Most common type of join in the human body
Characterised by a joint cavity filled with a lubricating synovial fluid
What is the purpose of synovial fluid
It reduces friction between two bones
State the structure of a synovial joint
Joint between two bones which has a joint cavity in betwwem filled with synovial fluid
The fluid will be produced by the synovial membrane which surrounds the joint
The joint capsule then surrounds the membrane and seals the joint space and providing stability to the joint. It is made from tough fibrous tissue
What is the synovial joint capable of
Capable of variety of different movements
But it depends of the structure within the joint and the joint type and the ligaments
Type of synovial joint
Ball and socket
Hinge
Example of ball and socket joint
The hip joint
